A-Level English Language Exam Questions

8 Read Text B on pages 6–7 of the source booklet before answering Question 2 in the space provided below. 2 Analyse the children’s spoken language and the ways in which they interact with each other. You should refer to the following language frameworks and levels as appropriate: • phonology • morphology • lexis • syntax • discourse. 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(Total for Question 2 = 30 marks) TOTAL FOR PAPER = 50 MARKS 16 BLANK PAGE *P49873A* Paper Reference Turn over Do not return this source booklet with the question paper. Friday 26 May 2017 – Morning Source booklet 8EN0/02 English Language Advanced Subsidiary Paper 2: Child Language Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE P49873A ©2017 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1 Turn over 2 P49873A BLANK PAGE 3 P49873A Turn over CONTENTS Page English Phonemic Reference Sheet 4 Text A – written text by Isla aged 7 years 5 months 5 Text B – transcription of two siblings playing together 6–7 4 P49873A English Phonemic Reference Sheet Vowels kit dress trap lot strut foot ɪ e æ ɒ ʌ ʊ letter fleece bath thought goose nurse ə i: ɑ: ɔ: u: ɜ: Diacritics /: / = length mark. These vowels may be shorter in some accents and will be transcribed without the length mark /: / in this case. Diphthongs face goat price mouth choice near square cure eɪ əʊ ɑɪ ɑʊ ɔɪ ɪə eə ʊə Consonants pip bid tack door cake good p b t d k g chain jam fly vase thing this tʃ ʤ f v θ ð say zoo shoe treasure house mark s z ʃ ʒ h m not sing lot rose yet witch n ŋ l r j w Glottal stop Syllabic /l/ bottle Syllabic /n/ fatten ʔ ļ ņ 5 P49873A Turn over Text A This text was written by Isla (aged 7 years 5 months) and was produced at home with some help from her mother. She was writing to the former Prime Minister. A typed version of the data is provided as a guide only. The appearance of the text, including the use of capital letters and some punctuation, has been standardised. Refer to the original text for specific language features. Typed version: Dear Mister Camran Pleasce can you not cut the trees down because the animmalls will not bee a live and they make the air cleens thank you from Isla Webster and Jacob Webster and mummy Webster 6 P49873A Text B This is a transcript of a conversation between two siblings; Isla (aged 7 years 3 months) and Jacob (aged 4 years 9 months). It was recorded in the family home. The children are playing with bath toys. KEY I = Isla J = Jacob (.) = micro pause (less than a second) (3) = longer pause (number of seconds indicated) /_ / = phonemic transcription (will be used once unless pronunciation changes) [_] = paralinguistic feature or other action Bold = stressed word ? = rising intonation J: is is this /dɪs/ a squirty /skwɜ:tɪ/ one I: this one i (.) these /ði:z/ (1) are J: where’s the sponge /ʃkʊnʤ/ why isn’t the sponge /ʃʊnʤ/ in here /ɪə/? I: cos it’s not a toy (2) Jacob these are sq (.) these are squirty (.) these rubber /wʊbə/ duckies /dʊkɪz/ are sq (.) I’m going to have /gənuæv/ these (.) you have /æv/ these J: how’s that /zæʔ/ fair I: we’ve got /gɒʔ/ the same amount /əmɑʊənʔ/? J: I haven’t /ævənʔ/ (.) I want more I: well I’ve got one (.) two (.) three /fri:/ (1) and /ən/ four J: I’ve only got /gɒʔ/ three /fri:/ (4) I: oh shall I say eenie meanie meanie mo pop the baby on the po for this one (1) eenie minie meanie mo pop the baby on the po ip skip skop (.) it is not (1) you [laughter] J: [inaudible] I’m going to /gənə/ be a croc I: how’s that /zæʔ/ fair now J: cos I’ve got three (5) fair enough (.) you can have /æv/ the sponge okay (.) you can clean yourself (4) I: you can pop it in the middle that /ðæʔ/ rubber /rʊbə/ ducky J: the /də/ rubber ducky /dʊkɪ/ or the /lə/ octopus I: octopus so we can both /bəʊf/ play with /wɪf/ it /ɪʔ/ J: I’m in a crab /kəwæb/ (3) oh all of the /lə/ straight ones go here /hɪə I: but not mine what /wɒʔ/ I’ve got J: this has a straight bottom on that I: this does but I’m not popping /pʊpɪn/ mine what I’ve got (1) Jacob (.) can I have this one 5 10 15 20 7 P49873A J: how’s that fair I: I gived you the rubber ducky J: it’s not fair (2) can (.) can I have the tortoise I: no (1) you can have the a rubber ducky J: I want the octopus (.) the oc octopus is gooder than me (1) right it’s fair on me I: it’s fair on me cos I’ve got one (.) two (.) three (.) four (1) how many have you got J: three so I don’t need another /ənʊvə/ one (3) I: I’m filling this up (2) J: one (.) two I: Jacob it hurt me when you hitted me (6) J: [squirts water] do you want me to squirt you I: don’t [laughter] don’t don’t /dəʊənt/ don’t [laughter] this is the squirty heart I’ve got a squirty one (3) J: all of them are squirty (4) I: Jacob I don’t like it 25 30 35 8 P49873A BLANK PAGE Source information: Texts A and B: private texts and transcripts – permission obtained for use.

2 Read Text A on pages 4-6 of the Source Booklet before answering Question 1 in the space provided. 1 Analyse how the children’s language at this stage of their development allows them to engage and interact with each other and their parents. In your response you should consider any relevant language frameworks, levels and theories as appropriate. 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(Total for Question 1 = 45 marks) TOTAL FOR PAPER = 45 MARKS 12 BLANK PAGE Paper Reference Tuesday 20 June 2017 – Morning Source Booklet 9EN0/02 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE English Language Advanced Paper 2: Child Language P48600A ©2017 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1 *P48600A* Turn over Do not return this Source Booklet with the question paper. 2 P48600A CONTENTS Page English Phonemic Reference Sheet 3 Text A – Transcript of Ben and James interacting with their parents and each other 4 3 Turn over P48600A English Phonemic Reference Sheet Vowels kit dress trap lot strut foot ɪ e æ ɒ ʌ ʊ letter fleece bath thought goose nurse ə i: ɑ: ɔ: u: ɜ: Diacritics /:/ = length mark. These vowels may be shorter in some accents and will be transcribed without the length mark /:/ in this case. Diphthongs face goat price mouth choice near square cure eɪ əʊ ɑɪ ɑʊ ɔɪ ɪə eə ʊə Consonants pip bid tack door cake good p b t d k g chain jam fly vase thing this tʃ ʤ f v θ ð say zoo shoe treasure house mark s z ʃ ʒ h m not sing lot rose yet witch n ŋ l r j w Glottal stop Syllabic /l/ bottle Syllabic /n/ fatten ʔ ļ ņ 4 P48600A Text A This is a transcript of a conversation between Ben (aged 5 years), his brother James (aged 3 years) and their parents. It was recorded in the family home. At the start of the transcript, James is talking to his mother and father while his brother plays with a variety of Star Wars toys. KEY M: Mother F: Father J: James B: Ben [ _ ] paralinguistic feature /_ / phonemic transcription (.) micro pause (3) longer pause (number of seconds indicated) ? rising intonation M: James (.) can you tell me what happened at school? J: Josh throwed /frəʊd/ sand on Oscar /ɒskæ/ and erm (2) M: did Oscar tell the teacher? J: yes (.) I /æ/ told him (.) I /æ/ told the /də/ teacher /ti:tʃæ/ M: did it go in his eyes? J: yes /je/ (.) all over his hair (.) and /ən/ on his uniform M: oh (.) he didn’t even cry? J: yeah M: I think that Oscar’s brave (.) do you? J: no (.) no he not F: he’s not brave? (.) why? (2) because /kɒz/ he cried? J: mm M: what would you have done? J: er (.) just (.) just (.) I did (.) I did nothing /nʊfɪn/ (.) Josh my friend M: is he your best friend? J: Josh and Oscar and you know Theo /fi:əʊ/ goes (.) Theo goes to my school but he go in the younger class M: why? J: because /kɒz/ he does F: but I thought Theo was older? J: he older in the /dæ/ older class 5 Turn over P48600A M: oh (.) do you ever see him at school? J: they got an older class at our school so Theo’s in old (.) he’s in our school (.) Theo M: do you ever see Theo? J: I saw Theo when (.) it was (.) when I (.) when I went to Oscar’s house (.) and (.) erm (.) B: daddy (.) daddy (.) why is there a red light? [shows father a Darth Vader figure with a light in its chest] F: I don’t know B: see what I mean (.) my tummy glows red (2) how do you switch it off? M: it just stops (5) [noise of children playing] J: [picks up action figure] I I have a go to stop you (.) I have to stop you B: no (.) no no (.) no you help me J: I help you (.) I a stormtrooper /stɔ:mtrup/ B: I know (.) red guards (.) red guards (3) I going /gəʊwɪŋ/ to be Darth /dɑ:/ Vader (.) get your helmet back on J: OK B: you can have these other stormtroopers to help Darth Vader (.) you know what I mean (.) it’s a red light that says /sez/ that says /seɪz/ you’re bad luck J: who are you? B: I Darth /dɑ:/ Vader (.) you help me don’t you stormtroopers /stɔ:miz/ J: we your servants /sɜ:vɪts/ (.) we are your servants /sɜ:vɪts/ B: OK (.) OK I want you to destroy (.) the new (.) erm erm (.) destroy (.) Luke Skywalker J: OK (.) your servants (.) we your servants (.) we is in your service /sɜ:vɪs/ (.) we are in your service (8) [indecipherable. Children talking over each other] B: I said (.) are you doing (.) what I asked you (.) to do? J: OK (.) can you /jə/ fly? (.) can you fly? B: I can jump up high J: can (.) can you jump /ʤʊmpt/ up to us? (.) you jump higher and higher Darth Vader B: no I can’t J: why? B: but I can jump very high (.) see what I mean? take (.) take your helmet off 6 P48600A J: can’t take /tek/ off helmet (.) it stuck to my head (.) can I? (.) I not take my helmet off can I? B: no (.) no you can’t (.) you got chicken pox F: not any more he doesn’t B: not any more (.) and stormtroopers (.) I said you needed to do something (.) J: put helmet on (.) destroy new Luke Skywalker 7 P48600A BLANK PAGE 8 P48600A BLANK PAGE Source information Text A: private source – permission obtained for use Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in future editions.

8 Read Text B on pages 6–7 of the source booklet before answering Question 2 in the space provided below. 2 Analyse how Lucas’ speech at this stage of his development enables him to engage in cooperative play. You should refer to the following language frameworks and levels as appropriate: • phonology • morphology • lexis • syntax • discourse. 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(Total for Question 2 = 30 marks) TOTAL FOR PAPER = 50 MARKS 16 BLANK PAGE *P56603A* Turn over Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) Source Booklet Do not return this Booklet with the question paper. Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE English Language Advanced Subsidiary Paper 2: Child Language Paper Reference 8EN0/02 Wednesday 15 May 2019 P56603A ©2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1/1 2 P56603A BLANK PAGE 3 Turn over P56603A CONTENTS Page English Phonemic Reference Sheet 4 Text A – descriptive writing produced by Olivia aged 5 years and 8 months 5 Text B – transcript of a conversation between a mother and her son aged 24 months 6–7 4 P56603A English Phonemic Reference Sheet Vowels kit dress trap lot strut foot ɪ e æ ɒ ʌ ʊ letter fleece cart thought goose nurse ə i: ɑ: ɔ: u: ɜ: Diacritics: /:/ = length mark. These vowels may be shorter in some accents and will be transcribed without the length mark / : / in this case. Diphthongs face goat price mouth choice near square cure eɪ əʊ ɑɪ ɑʊ ɔɪ ɪə eə ʊə Consonants pip bid tack door cake good p b t d k g chain jam fly vase thing this tʃ ʤ f v θ ð say zoo shoe treasure house mark s z ʃ ʒ h m not sing lot rose yet witch n ŋ l r j w Glottal stop Syllabic /l/ bottle Syllabic /n/ fatten ʔ ļ ņ 5 Turn over P56603A Text A This text was written by Olivia (aged 5 years and 8 months) and was produced at school. She was asked to produce some descriptive writing. A typed version of the data is provided as a guide only. Some aspects of the typed text have been standardised. Refer to the original text for specific language features. Typed version On my whale ride I went to mars. The big, bright and gleaming moon floating in sky aliens singing and talleing. They sound ed very squeaky. Glossary L.O. – learning objective 6 P56603A Text B This is a transcript of a conversation between a mother and her son, Lucas (aged 24 months). It was recorded in the family home. They are playing with building blocks and toy animals. Key M = mother L = Lucas (.) = micro pause (less than a second) (3) = longer pause (number of seconds indicated) /_ / = phonemic transcription [ _ ] = paralinguistic feature or other action ? = rising intonation L: back /bæ/ on M: you want to put the window back on L: window /wɪn/ (1) window /wɪn/ M: yeah (.) OK (.) we’ll put it back on L: put /pʊ/ on /ɒn/ M: there we go (.) right it’s back on now L: oh no M: oh no (.) what did mam do? L: sheep /ʃi:/ fall down /fɔdɑʊ/ M: the sheep fell down? L: sheep fall down M: oh the sheep fell down (.) shall we put these ones back on? L: these /di:z/ ones /wɒn/ back on M: what is it? (2) what is this? L: door M: the door (.) OK where does it go? L: door M: where does the door go? L: door M: there L: put one door M: put it there (.) right there we go (1) and this one? 7 P56603A L: oh [trying to fix the door] M: can you do it? L: (3) do it /ɪ/ M: you can do it (2) just put it there like that L: [grunts with frustration] M: oh (.) right (.) two seconds (1) there (.) now it’s done L: oh (2) I /æ/ catch sheep M: you’re going to catch the sheep (.) OK L: catch /kæʃ/ sheep M: what’s sitting on the sheep? L: catch sheep M: you want to just catch the sheep? OK L: catch sheep (1) catch sheep M: what are you going to catch it with? L: moo cow (.) moo cow M: you’re going to catch the sheep with the moo cow? L: it stopped M: what’s stopped? L: moo cow stopped (1) catch me M: you want me to catch you? L: catch you (.) I /æ/ catch you M: you catch me (.) OK L: oh broke /prəʊk/ M: is it broke? (3) shall we put it back on? L: [gasps] M: what have you done? L: moo cow on there /ɒnjeə/ M: it’s on there? (.) on the bricks? L: (4) it jump /ʤʊmp/ M: it’s jumping? cows don’t jump (1) what do cows do? (2) Lucas what do cows do? L: (1) moo 8 P56603A BLANK PAGE Sources taken/adapted from: Texts A and B are private texts. Permission obtained for use.

2 Read Texts A–F in the Source Booklet before answering Question 1 in the space provided. 1 Analyse and explain how the children’s development of language and literacy allows them to follow their teacher’s instructions and produce written texts suitable for school-based activities. In your response you should consider any relevant language frameworks, levels and theories as appropriate. 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TOTAL FOR PAPER = 45 MARKS 12 BLANK PAGE Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE *P56427A* Turn over P56427A ©2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1/1/1/1 Source Booklet Do not return this Source Booklet with the question paper. English Language Advanced Paper 2: Child Language Paper Reference 9EN0/02 Morning (Time: 1 hour) Tuesday 4 June 2019 2 P56427A English Phonemic Reference Sheet Vowels kit dress trap lot strut foot ɪ e æ ɒ ʌ ʊ letter fleece cart thought goose nurse ə i: ɑ: ɔ: u: ɜ: Diacritics: /:/ = length mark. These vowels may be shorter in some accents and will be transcribed without the length mark / : / in this case. Diphthongs face goat price mouth choice near square cure eɪ əʊ ɑɪ ɑʊ ɔɪ ɪə eə ʊə Consonants pip bid tack door cake good p b t d k g chain jam fly vase thing this tʃ ʤ f v θ ð say zoo shoe treasure house mark s z ʃ ʒ h m not sing lot rose yet witch n ŋ l r j w Glottal stop Syllabic /l/ bottle Syllabic /n/ fatten ʔ ļ ņ 3 Turn over P56427A Texts A–F were all produced at school by different children as part of their class-based activities. Typed versions of the children’s writing, when provided, are intended as a guide only. Some aspects of the typed text may have been standardised. Refer to the original texts for specific language features. Text A Text A was written by Megan aged 5 years and 1 month in her storybook. She was asked to describe a bucket from a story. Her teacher has written the sentence for Megan to copy. 4 P56427A Text B Text B was written by Thomas aged 5 years and 5 months in his writing journal. He was asked to produce some instructions. Typed version (guide only) making a salad wich 1 butr the bled 2 lid the letis on 3 put on radish 4 put on tmrto 5 spricl the cheez 6 put on a nythr Pees of bled 7 now cut the bled in hrarf 5 Turn over P56427A Text C Text C was written by Sammy aged 5 years and 6 months in her writing book. It was part of a weekly exercise in which the children recounted a piece of personal news. Typed version (guide only) 5/05 News I went on the big wheel. I got a lo lo ball. it was purple and sivhe. 6 P56427A Text D Text D was written by Sophie aged 6 years and 9 months in her literacy book. She was asked to write instructions for a day at school. Typed version (guide only) Monday 8th October Instructions • First I get out of bed. • Then I go down the sters. • then I have my brekfust. • after I get dresst in to school uniform. • Next I get redey. • go and brush yor theet. • go to school. • get yore cote of. • Put yore paked lunch box in the frig. • Put yore folder in yore drar. 7 Turn over P56427A Text E Text E was written by Sophie aged 7 years. Her teacher asked the class to write down their New Year’s resolutions. 8 P56427A Text F Text F was written by Jacob aged 8 years. His class were writing letters to the Queen.

8 Read Text B on pages 6-7 of the source booklet before answering Question 2 in the space provided below. 2 Analyse how the children’s development of language and the ways in which they interact allow them to create a fairy tale narrative together. You should refer to the following language frameworks and levels as appropriate: • phonology • morphology • lexis • syntax • discourse. 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(Total for Question 2 = 30 marks) TOTAL FOR PAPER = 50 MARKS 16 BLANK PAGE Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE *P62312A* Turn over P62312A ©2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1 Source Booklet Do not return this Source Booklet with the question paper. Paper Reference 8EN0/02 Wednesday 13 May 2020 Morning (Time: 1 hour 30 minutes) English Language Advanced Subsidiary Paper 2: Child Language 2 P62312A BLANK PAGE 3 Turn over P62312A CONTENTS Page English Phonemic Reference Sheet 4 Text A – written text by Jacob, aged 7 years and 5 months 5 Text B – transcript of two siblings, Ava, aged 7 years and 2 months, and Josh, aged 4 years and 7 months 6–7 4 P62312A English Phonemic Reference Sheet Vowels kit dress trap lot strut foot ɪ e æ ɒ ʌ ʊ letter fleece cart thought goose nurse ə i: ɑ: ɔ: u: ɜ: Diacritics: /:/ = length mark. These vowels may be shorter in some accents and will be transcribed without the length mark /:/ in this case. Diphthongs face goat price mouth choice near square cure eɪ əʊ ɑɪ ɑʊ ɔɪ ɪə eə ʊə Consonants pip bid tack door cake good p b t d k g chain jam fly vase thing this tʃ ʤ f v θ ð say zoo shoe treasure house mark s z ʃ ʒ h m not sing lot rose yet witch n ŋ l r j w Glottal stop Syllabic /l/ bottle Syllabic /n/ fatten ʔ ļ ņ 5 Turn over P62312A Text A Text A was written by Jacob (aged 7 years and 5 months) and was produced independently at home. He has written a set of instructions for playing an online game, Minecraft. A typed version of the data is provided as a guide only. Some aspects of the typed text have been standardised. Refer to the original text for specific language features. Typed version: A gide on mine craft aswell trics for mine craft 1. loud up a world. 2. breac a tree thor wood. 3. go in to yore inventory. 4. go to your 4 by 4 crafting erie. 5. but the wood inone pleis slot. 6. tace the plancs out. 7. put one in each slot. 8. tace out the crafting tabel. 9. place it down. 10. click it 11. put woodin evry one but the midel. 12. tace out the chest. 13. plase it down and click on it 6 P62312A Text B Text B is a transcript of two siblings, Ava (aged 7 years and 2 months) and Josh (aged 4 years and 7 months). It was recorded in the family home, where they were creating a fairy tale narrative. Key A = Ava J = Josh F = father (.) = micro pause (less than a second) (3) = longer pause (number of seconds indicated) /_ / = phonemic transcription [_] = paralinguistic feature or other action ? = rising intonation Bold = emphasis // // = overlapping speech { _ } speech that can’t be transcribed A: once /wʊnts/ upon a time there was a very /feəri:/ good (.) princess Belle J: princess /pwɪnses/ Belle wa was just /dʊs/ leaping around /əwɑʊnd/ A: and then when it was nice and sunny morning she said I’ll go and get my clothes on and then I’ll go outside J: [makes gurgling noise] A: Josh your turn J: and sh she (2) just played on her swing A: and /ən/ and after she played on her swing (.) she said I’m going to play on a big huge /huʤ/ slide (3) it’s your turn J: big huge /hju:ʤ/ slide (.) that’s very big A: it’s your turn Josh J: and now /nɑ:/ she wanted to /tu:/ play on her (4) white bicycle /bɑɪskʊl/ [laughter] A: and then (.) and then (.) and then then sh [laughter] you do it J: you’re head to me A: then she wanted to erm tells funny jokes to her /ɜ:/ mum /mʊm/ and dad (2) your turn Josh J: you have /æf/ to do it because /kɒz/ because it’s (.) I (.) it’s your turn A: and //then// J: //zip // hmm hmm hmm A: she went to go inside and colour in and make cards for her friends /fendz/ and family /fæməli/ (.) and invites (1) your turn J: I’m not doing it now A: and then sh she said (.) I’m going to /gənə/ go and have /æv/ a rest for a /fəwə/ bit J: //I want a hug // A: //and I will come// back (.) and give you a great /grit/ bi huge hug and then she wanted to say I love /lʊf/ you to all her friends and family and kiss (.) erm her f family and sh she really liked it because /bəkʌs/ she getted a beautiful /butɪfʊl/ fairy wing (.) ring J: ring (.) eh? A: and she said (1) //I’m going to// J: //{indecipherable speech}// A: I might go and get someone to play with /wɪv/ in the park (.) and she played on the slide swings /swɪŋks/ and everything /evrɪfɪŋ/ what was on the park and sh she (2) and on the park she made new /nu/ friends with her family (4) a and she made (1) and she played with her big (.) little /lɪtʊl/ sister and then (1) there was a big nasty 7 P62312A witch coming so she runned away back to her house /ɑʊs/ (.) and then the witch goed away forever that’s the end J: the end (.) can I have a nice huggle now? F: what did you think of Ava’s story? J: good 8 P62312A BLANK PAGE Sources: Text A: taken from Jacob’s Key Stage answer booklet Text B: taken from a transcript of two siblings, Ava, aged 7 years and 2 months, and Josh, aged 4 years and 7 months

2 Read Text A in the source booklet before answering Question 1 in the space provided. 1 Analyse how the features of the children’s language at this stage of their development allow them to participate in family interactions. In your response you should consider any relevant language frameworks, levels and theories as appropriate. 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TOTAL FOR PAPER = 45 MARKS 10 BLANK PAGE 11 BLANK PAGE 12 BLANK PAGE *P62028A* Turn over Morning (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) P62028A ©2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1/1 Tuesday 2 June 2020 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE English Language Advanced Paper 2: Child Language Source Booklet Do not return this Source Booklet with the question paper. Paper Reference 9EN0/02 2 P62028A English Phonemic Reference Sheet Vowels kit dress trap lot strut foot ɪ e æ ɒ ʌ ʊ letter fleece cart thought goose nurse ə i: ɑ: ɔ: u: ɜ: Diacritics: /:/ = length mark. These vowels may be shorter in some accents and will be transcribed without the length mark /:/ in this case. Diphthongs face goat price mouth choice near square cure eɪ əʊ ɑɪ ɑʊ ɔɪ ɪə eə ʊə Consonants pip bid tack door cake good p b t d k g chain jam fly vase thing this tʃ ʤ f v θ ð say zoo shoe treasure house mark s z ʃ ʒ h m not sing lot rose yet witch n ŋ l r j w Glottal stop Syllabic /l/ bottle Syllabic /n/ fatten ʔ ļ ņ 3 Turn over P62028A Text A Text A is extracts from a longer conversation between Izzy aged 3 years 6 months, her brother Zack aged 2 years 3 months, their parents and their grandfather. It was recorded in the family home. M: Mother F: Father G: Grandfather Z: Zack I: Izzy /_ / key phonemic transcription (.) micro pause (3) longer pause (number of seconds indicated) ? rising intonation = latch on. No gap or pause between speech turns // interruption or overlap Bold stressed word [ _ ] paralinguistic feature { _ } speech that cannot be transcribed Children are playing with a kitchen play set. F: you serving your dinner? what you having for dinner? I: I having chips and my favourite {indecipherable} chips and /ən/ beans F: what’s in there? what you done Zack? I: him /ɪm/ dip er (.) Zack tipping them out for me to collect (.) Zack’s tipping them out for me to collect F: are you just collecting the specials or are you collecting all of the beans? I: I collecting all of the beans (.) all of the beans (.) all of the beans and butter /bʊti/ beans are nice but they are a bit big but they are definitely nice butter /bʊtjə/ beans (.) they are not as good as other beans but they definitely taste nice (.) beans a beans a beans a beans are nice F: Zack what are you doing? I: what are you doing Zack? F: are you collecting beans too Zack? which beans are you collecting? Z: all of /ə/ them /dem/ F: all of the beans (.) the purple ones and the spotty ones Z: mm and I collected all of the beans and putted them onto the spoon and this a special spoon because it {indecipherable} Children begin playing with the ball from a skittles set. Z: catchy ball (.) catchy ball (.) hello /əʊ/ Grandad (.) hello /ləʊ/ Grandad (.) we catchy the /də/ ball together /tʊgedə/ G: are you {indecipherable} Z: catch [throws ball at grandfather] 4 P62028A M: oh F: Zack I: I throw the ball F: Izzy we are going to tell Zack not to do that as well (.) Zack (.) you don’t chuck the ball at people do it gentle M: Izzy we are not going to throw those balls for catching because they are quite hard so if you want to // throw // I: // catchy ball // [throws ball] M: Izzy (.) no Z: mummy I just want to catch the ball into a circle M: you can roll them on the floor in a circle (.) if you want to throw use those softer balls from there Z: skittle I: catchy ball (.) catch it [throws ball] F: Izzy (.) no (.) youse must stop throwing things (.) youse are copying off each other (.) stop throwing hard things // at people // Z: // catch ball // [throws ball] F: no (.) Zack (.) we’re going to stop chucking those balls= I: = catch ball [throws ball] F: Izzy (.) I know that Zack was getting attention for chucking but you don’t do everything Zack does I: no Daddy F: what’s that you got? I: these skittles F: skittles (.) how do you play skittles I: you stand skittle up F: uhuh I: then you get the ball (2) then you roll it on the ground and then you knock it over F: Zack (2) can you put the skittles together so we can play the game? (5) how do the rest of them go? Z: youse stand them /əm/ up and then throw /frəʊ/ ball at them /dem/ [Zack and his father begin setting up the skittles game] Z: I no want that because /kɒz/ there’s balls and er not to leave it out when nobody’s looking because you might get ill 5 P62028A F: so what are we looking for? Z: some teeny tiny balls F: is it a bouncy ball? Z: er no er it a tiny ball (.) the person who // {indecipherable} // F: // is that it? // under there [points under sofa] Z: my ball 6 P62028A BLANK PAGE 7 P62028A BLANK PAGE 8 P62028A BLANK PAGE Sources: Text A: taken from a transcript of Izzy, aged 3 years 6 months, her brother Zack, aged 2 years 3 months, their parents and their grandfather.

2 Read Text A in the source booklet before answering Question 1 in the space provided. 1 Analyse how Luke and his mother use language to interact with each other, and the role this could have in shaping his language development. In your response you should consider any relevant language frameworks, levels and theories as appropriate. 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(Total for Question 1 = 45 marks) TOTAL FOR PAPER = 45 MARKS Turn over *P66361A* 1 hour 15 minutes Paper reference 9EN0/02 English Language Advanced PAPER 2: Child Language Time Source Booklet Do not return this Source Booklet with the question paper. Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE P66361A ©2021 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1/1/1/1 2 P66361A English Phonemic Reference Sheet Vowels kit dress trap lot strut foot ɪ e æ ɒ ʌ ʊ letter fleece cart thought goose nurse ə i: ɑ: ɔ: u: ɜ: Diacritics: /:/ = length mark. These vowels may be shorter in some accents and will be transcribed without the length mark /:/ in this case. Diphthongs face goat price mouth choice near square cure eɪ əʊ ɑɪ ɑʊ ɔɪ ɪə eə ʊə Consonants pip bid tack door cake good p b t d k g chain jam fly vase thing this tʃ ʤ f v θ ð say zoo shoe treasure house mark s z ʃ ʒ h m not sing lot rose yet witch n ŋ l r j w Glottal stop Syllabic /l/ bottle Syllabic /n/ fatten ʔ ļ ņ 3 Turn over P66361A Text A Text A is a transcript of a bedtime conversation between Luke (4 years 1 month) and his mother. At the start of the transcript, Luke is playing with some action figures. M: Mother L: Luke /_ / key phonemic transcription ? rising intonation [ _ ] paralinguistic feature or actions (.) micro pause (3) longer pause (number of seconds indicated) {indecipherable} speech that cannot be transcribed M: what you doing (.) Luke (.) what are you doing L: I was doing {indecipherable} Godzilla push them off M: pushed what off? L: the /dǝ/ eater M: the eater? what’s the eater? L: it eats things /fɪŋz/ (.) it eats things M: oh is that the thing that you said before eats your eyes? L: it will eat your /jɒ/ eyes M: well I don’t like that L: but /bǝ/ the finger /fɪŋgæ/ Godzilla stops them M: the finger Godzilla will stop them? (.) and how does he do that? L: he uses (.) uses (.) he uses his thingies /fɪŋgiz/ (.) he uses fire and /ǝn/ his /ɪz/ gulpa /gǝlpǝ/ for that /dæt/ M: he uses what? L: the blast thing he puts out (1) the gulpa M: the gulpa? (.) what’s gulpa? L: it’s (.) it’s (.) it things (.) the blast /blæs/ thing Godzilla (.) pushes out his mouth M: is it not sulphur? L: what? M: sulphur (.) what’s gulpa? (.) that’s not even a word L: no isn’t M: OK L: I want /wɒn/ dinosaur blanket on 4 P66361A M: I know (.) oh you don’t want to put that on (.) [points to scab on Luke’s knee] it looks sore (.) is that where you fell over (.) on Sunday? L: yes (.) you definitely /deftli/ don’t put that on because /kɒz/ because /bikɒz/ it will hurt M: it might take some of your scab off L: because it bleed M: and I definitely don’t want blood on the wall after I painted it L: no (.) it make it all wet M: yeah it will [points at other knee] does that one have a scab? is it sore? it’s just a little bruise L: there no blood (.) just a little bruise (.) bruises no bleed and they don’t have scabs M: no (.) have you thought about your joke for nursery tomorrow? L: no M: what do you call a one-eyed dinosaur? can you remember what daddy said? L: callywag M: what’s a callywag? L: he’s a pirate M: a scallywag? L: scallywag M: no (.) it’s do you think he saw us [laughs] (.) you are going to sleep soon and you are not coming into my bed tonight because you are a big boy L: not as big as you M: no but you are a brave knight (.) what’s your knight name? L: I no have a knight’s costume M: you do (.) you wore it today at the castle L: I wasn’t (.) I thought it was (.) pirate’s day M: no (.) you don’t study about pirates anymore (.) you don’t learn about it (.) Luke (.) if you don’t go to sleep you’ll be tired for nursery L: I like tired M: no you don’t (.) now (.) do you want your stars lamp or Batman lamp on? L: no (.) dinosaur /dɑɪnsɔ/ M: no it’s too bright to sleep L: why? (2) you {indecipherable} 5 P66361A M: I don’t know what you said there L: you Ultraman /ǝsǝmɜn/ M: I don’t know what you are saying L: you Ultraman /ǝsǝmæn/ M: I’m an awesome man? L: no (.) Ultraman /ʊtǝmæn/ Ultraman /ʊtæmæn/ (2) he’s good guy in Godzilla M: I’ll be the good guy except if you don’t go to sleep (.) kiss goodnight L: you going out? M: yes goodnight 6 P66361A BLANK PAGE 7 P66361A BLANK PAGE 8 P66361A Sources taken/adapted from: Text A: Private source – permission obtained for use.

10 Topic: Language and Journalism Subtopic: Gonzo Journalism 8 ‘The language of Gonzo Journalism is not designed to convey information but to present the writer’s worldview and experiences to the reader.’ Discuss this statement with reference to your own research. You should consider: • relevant language frameworks and levels • any relevant social, historical, technological and cultural factors. (Total for Question 8 = 30 marks) Topic: Language and Power Subtopic: Parliamentary Debates 9 ‘The nature of the language of Parliamentary debates means speakers have to employ a range of different tactics to establish and assert their power.’ Discuss this statement with reference to your own research. You should consider: • relevant language frameworks and levels • any relevant social, historical, technological and cultural factors. (Total for Question 9 = 30 marks) Topic: Regional Language Variation Subtopic: Avon and Somerset 10 ‘The accents and dialects of Avon and Somerset frequently attract negative attitudes towards the features that make them so distinctive.’ Discuss this statement with reference to your own research. You should consider: • relevant language frameworks and levels • any relevant social, historical, technological and cultural factors. (Total for Question 10 = 30 marks) Turn over 11 Indicate which question you are answering by marking a cross in the box . If you change your mind, put a line through the box and then indicate your new question with a cross . Chosen question number: Question 6 Question 7 Question 8 Question 9 Question 10 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 30 MARKS TOTAL FOR PAPER = 45 MARKS 20 BLANK PAGE Turn over Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE 1 hour 45 minutes Paper reference 9EN0/03 English Language Advanced PAPER 3: Investigating Language Time Source Booklet Do not return this Source Booklet with the question paper. P66362RA ©2021 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/e2 2 P66362RA Page English Phonemic Reference Sheet 3 Topic/Subtopic Glo bal English: Nigerian Pidgin English 4–5 Lan guage and Gender Identity: Representation of Gender in Stand-Up Comedy Performances 6–7 Lan guage and Journalism: Gonzo Journalism 8–9 Lan guage and Power: Parliamentary Debates 10–11 Reg ional Language Variation: Avon and Somerset 12–13 3 Turn over P66362RA English Phonemic Reference Sheet Vowels kit dress trap lot strut foot ɪ e æ ɒ ʌ ʊ letter fleece cart thought goose nurse ə i: ɑ: ɔ: u: ɜ: Diacritics: /:/ = length mark. These vowels may be shorter in some accents and will be transcribed without the length mark /:/ in this case. Diphthongs face goat price mouth choice near square cure eɪ əʊ ɑɪ ɑʊ ɔɪ ɪə eə ʊə Consonants pip bid tack door cake good p b t d k g chain jam fly vase thing this tʃ ʤ f v θ ð say zoo shoe treasure house mark s z ʃ ʒ h m not sing lot rose yet witch n ŋ l r j w Glottal stop Syllabic /l/ bottle Syllabic /n/ fatten ʔ ļ ņ 4 P66362RA Topic: Global English Subtopic: Nigerian Pidgin English Text A Text A was published in November, 2019 on the website of the radio station Wazobia FM, based in Lagos, Nigeria. In this text, the writer is discussing controversial plans to make hate speech punishable by death under Nigerian law. Where Di Hate Speech Bill Go Leads Us Go For November, Senate start talk again on top Prohibition of Hate Speech Bill. Different stakeholders don dey talk about di bill wey Deputy Chief  Whip of the Senate, Abdullahi Aliu Sabi, (APC, Niger State) dey sponsor. Senator Sabi first introduce di bill for March 2018, but di public no gree at all. Truth wey we wan find out be sey, how relevant di law go be if dem pass am? Because wetin di bill go do na to remove every form of hate speech for di country. Di bill also define hate speech as comment wey dey insult people for dia religion, ethnic and language affiliation. Dis bill come get death penalty on top for offenders. E say,: Any person wey commit offense under dis section, fit go life imprisonment and where di act dey cause any loss of life, di person go dey punished with death by hanging.” Senator Shehu Sani condemn di Hate Speech Bill when im ask im former colleagues for National Assembly make dem no gree for di controversial Social Media and Hate Speech bill wey dey before dem. Shehu argue sey di bills dey dangerous to di nation’s democracy. Im talk sey, “Nowadays, people wey dey government no dey like criticism and attempt dey to silent people from questioning power. And that one dey dangerous. Aisha Buhari, di First Lady of Nigeria support di social media bill. Her reason be sey, “If China fit control over 1.3bn people for social media, I no see reason why Nigeria no fit attempt to control only 180m people.” Zahra Indimi, President Muhammadu Buhari daughter, also support di social media bill if dem go carry am out for “fair” manner. “We suppose see and understand di content of di present social media regulation bill. No mata wetin e be, you suppose understand and know di implication of di bill. That na wetin we need to do as young people.” Di effort to sell di hate speech bill to Nigerians don fail as one activist don deliver a court judgement to di President of di Senate, Ahmad Lawan, we go guide di Senate from di future attempt to shut free speech up for Nigeria. Di letter catch di attention of di Senate when di judgment of di Community Court of Justice of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) sey make di Nigerian government from criminalizing free speech for any form. Di letter wey Mackay Chambers and Associates talk sey,: We hereby inform una sey, di exercise wey dey pursue dis Hate Speech Establishment Bill 2019 na one for futility and di taxpayers’ money suppose no go into am, as di judgment of di ECOWAS Court wey di global community don call landmark judgment, trailblazer for di global freedom of expression.” 5 Turn over P66362RA “Freedom of speech na fundamental human right wey di Nigerian constitution provide and di right dey fully preserved by di wetin di judgment of di Regional court talk. E dey completely out of di way for di Nigerian legislature to attempt to pass di law wey dey infringe di rights wey dey protected by di Judgment of di Regional Court.” How long again before di topic of dis hate speech bill start again? How long before di legislature pass di law? Di legislature understand sey di law dey infringe on di rights of dia citizens? 6 P66362RA Topic: Language and Gender Identity Subtopic: Representation of Gender in Stand-Up Comedy Performances Texts B1 and B2 Key (  ) = pause/timed pause [  ] = audience reaction <  > = non-verbal feature by performer / _ / = phonemic transcription bold = emphatic stress Text B1 Text B1 is an edited transcript from Michael McIntyre’s 2009 ‘Hello Wembley’ tour. In this part of the show, he is talking about his wife asking him to purchase face cream and going shopping with her. I’m like when are you even due to have wrinkles (.) I don’t know Michael twenty years or something (.) twenty years you want me to buy you something twenty years in advance of you maybe getting it (.) this sounds like a rip-off to me alright and I will take it back I don’t like to be ripped off (.) I am more than happy to walk in there in 2029 and go look I purchased this cream twenty years ago I’ve got the receipt which you’ll notice is in a better condition than the face of my wife I want a full refund [laughter] these cosmetics departments are the weirdest places I have ever seen (.) big bright lights everywhere and people working there they seem to have every product they sell on their face they can’t even move their own faces [laughter] can I interest you in something from the Clarins range it’s all over my face just pick what you want from the face [laughter] they even asked me a question as I was walking through (.) excuse me sir (.) what is it (.) quick question about your face (.) sorry you have a question about my face (.) yes it’s looking very dry (.) I should have a wet face should I you don’t have a wet face don’t see anybody else with a wet face [laughter] she asked one of the most difficult questions I’ve ever been asked (.) she said what is your daily skin routine (.) every day I have skin what exactly are you getting at [laughter] I don’t want you to think I am not a generous man I did recently buy her a very beautiful dress (.) we went out shopping especially for a dress (.) shopping for clothing can be quite tense um with her with any woman I think because she is the same size but in different shops (.) she is different sizes depending on how they interpret the different size I really don’t know why this is but she can range from a size eight and then next door she’ll be a size twelve (.) and if she’s an eight we have a really lovely day together [laughter] if she’s a twelve we have to go home immediately 7 Turn over P66362RA Text B2 Text B2 is an edited transcript from a 2009 performance by Jo Brand as part of the ‘Live at the Apollo’ series. I drove here tonight I drive a lot in London and I like it (.) and I have to say the reason I drive a lot is because my husband never learned to drive (.) in my opinion [laughter] because cars mean different things to men and women don’t they men like a car that represents them in society something powerful smooth expensive whereas women just want a little /lɪʔļ/ car they can jump in go down Sainsbury’s and buy chocolate in [laughter] don’t they (.) men are driven by testosterone women are driven by Toblerone [laughter] it’s a fact of life (.) you’re looking at me like you’re not quite convinced that I’ve got a husband but I have [laughter] have we got any married couples in tonight (2) [laughter] the mumble of despair [laughter] well you know let me just give you a bit of advice if you’re thinking of getting married it’s very nice for about two weeks (.) then they start to irritate you a bit [laughter] my husband does a lot of things to irritate me I think probably the worst thing he does is um (.) wakes up [laughter] that’s quite irritating but I irritate him as well he hates me snoring (.) especially when we’re having sex obviously [laughter] 8 P66362RA Topic: Language and Journalism Subtopic: Gonzo Journalism Text C1 Text C1 is taken from Parliament of Whores by P. J. O’Rourke, published in 1991. Furthermore, government is boring because what’s in it for us? Sure, if we own an aerospace contracting company, a five-thousand sugar-beet farm or a savings and loan with the president’s son on the board of directors, we can soak Uncle Sucker for millions. But most of us failed to plan ahead and buy McDonnell Douglas, and now the only thing we can get out of government is government benefits – measly VA checks and Medicare. We won’t get far on the French Riviera on this kind of chump change. Besides, the French look at us funny when we try to buy pâté de foie gras and Château Margaux ’61 with American food stamps. Government is so tedious that sometimes you wonder if the government isn’t being boring on purpose. Maybe they’re trying to put us to sleep so we won’t notice what they’re doing. Every aspect of our existence is affected by government, so naturally we want to keep an eye on the thing. Yet whenever we regular citizens try to read a book on government or watch one of those TV public affairs programs about government or listen to anything anybody who’s in the government is saying, we feel like high-school students who’ve fallen two weeks behind in their algebra class. Then we grow drowsy and torpid, and the next thing you know we are snoring like a gas-powered weed whacker. This could be intentional. Our government could be attempting to establish a Dictatorship of Boredom in this country. The last person left awake gets to spend all the tax money. Glossary McDonnell Douglas – an American company VA checks – welfare support payments for war veterans weed whacker – garden tool 9 Turn over P66362RA Text C2 Text C2 is taken from Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas by Hunter S. Thompson, published in 1971. In this extract he is reporting on a motorcycle race. I turned away. It was too horrible. We were, after all, the absolute cream of the national sporting press. And we were gathered here in Las Vegas for a very special assignment: to cover the Fourth Annual “Mint 400”… and when it comes to things like this, you don’t fool around. But now – even before the spectacle got under way – there were signs that we might be losing control of the situation. Here we were on this fine Nevada morning, this cool bright dawn on the desert, hunkered down at some greasy bar in a concrete blockhouse & gambling casino called the “Mint Gun Club” about ten miles out of Vegas … and with the race about to start, we were dangerously disorganised. Outside, the lunatics were playing with their motorcycles, taping the headlights, topping off oil in the forks, last minute bolt-tightening (carburetor screws, manifold nuts, etc.) … and the first ten bikes blasted off on the stroke of nine. It was extremely exciting and we all went outside to watch. The flag went down and these ten poor buggers popped their clutches and zoomed into the first turn, all together, then somebody grabbed the lead (a 405 Husquarvarna, as I recall), and a cheer went up as the rider screwed it on and disappeared in a cloud of dust. “Well, that’s that,” somebody said. “They’ll be back around in an hour or so. Let’s go back to the bar.” 10 P66362RA Topic: Language and Power Subtopic: Parliamentary Debates Text D Text D is the Hansard record of a Parliamentary debate about amendments to a bill regarding hunting from June 2003. This record is called Registered Hunting: Absolute Bans: Deer, Hares, Foxes And Terrierwork. Mr. Mike Hancock (Portsmouth, South) If the Minister wants to achieve what he said at the beginning of his speech and eradicate cruelty once and for all, does he agree that the only way to achieve that is to pass new clause 11, or does he believe that registration will be so impossible to achieve by any hunt that hunting will be banned by that means, thus ending the cruelty about which he speaks? Alun Michael (The Minister for Rural Affairs and Local Environmental Quality) If the hon. Gentleman had studied the Bill, as amended in Committee, he would know that it was strengthened considerably and that the hurdles are very high. It is open to people to show first, that the activity is necessary, and secondly, that the alternatives in the circumstances for which the application is made would be more cruel. I am not going to get involved in the decisions that will be for the registrar and the tribunal to take. However, John Bryant, of Protect Our Wild Animals, estimated that the number of foxes killed by pest control under the Bill’s requirements might be in the order of 100 in comparison with about 80,000 now. The point to remember is that, whatever that number may be, the animals would otherwise be killed by a more cruel method. That is the point of the Bill and the analysis on which it depends. Mr. Simon Thomas (Ceredigion) I supported the original Bill because I wanted the twin principles of utility and cruelty brought into play. Will the Minister say more about new clause 13? He should know that in Wales one third of the fox cull is by terrier work, and that about 40 per cent. of the cull occurs during the period in which he wants to ban fox hunting with hounds. Clearly, the principle of utility is not being played in new clause 13. What additional facts and evidence does the Minister have to show that killing​ foxes during that period in that way is additionally cruel? Would it not be better to leave those matters to the registration officer? Alun Michael The hon. Gentleman will be aware that many problems are dealt with by using dogs to flush out the foxes and then shooting them, rather than by the requirements of the Bill. Various options exist. For example, lamping is available in a variety of circumstances. What the Bill provides is a series of stringent conditions that have to be satisfied in order for any activity that can be registered to take place. That is fair, reasonable and extremely tough and challenging for those who wish to make their case. That is the structure of the Bill. 11 Turn over P66362RA Mr. Gray (North Wiltshire) I fear that the Minister may have inadvertently misled the House a moment ago. He suggested that using dogs to flush foxes to waiting guns would still be allowed under the Bill. Does he agree that that is incorrect? Alun Michael If the hon. Gentleman looked at the exceptions, he would find that control over the number of dogs that can be used is important, but he needs to restudy the Bill. The Bill will also provide effective tools for stopping illegal hare coursing — something that is already illegal, but which existing law has proved unable to tackle. That is an important point — something that is currently illegal continues to take place. Glossary lamping – the act of hunting nocturnal creatures using bright lights in order to spot and startle them terrier work – the use of small dogs in hunting 12 P66362RA Topic: Regional Language Variation Subtopic: Avon and Somerset Texts E1 and E2 Texts E1 and E2 are conversations recorded in 2019. Both feature Phil, a 60-year-old lorry driver who was born in Redhill, Somerset and has lived in Somerset all his life. KEY (.) pause /_ / phonemic transcription Text E1 In Text E1, Phil is talking to Andy, a 65-year-old lorry driver from Hartcliffe, Bristol. Phil is discussing payments for a training course he has recently attended. Phil: ah /æ/ it might’ve been he /i:/ Andy: and /æn/ he was good he was and to be honest it wasn’t /wʌnt/ like a boring thing look you know so Phil: no well this one /ʌn/ this time was all about defensive driving /drɔɪvɪn/ and all that well we all drive defensively anyway don’t we Andy: yeah well you seen the idiots on the road Phil: that’s /θæs/ right (.) ah it’s alright /zɔlrɑɪt/ done it now so you know hopefully that’s it now I got mine me card’ll be coming through now (.) he come round this Saturday he come down round and took our driving licences and all that look and we’m all sat there with our tenners in our hands and he said what you doing boys (.) we said well we got to give you a tenner haven’t /hænt/ we for our download ah no no no he said I can’t take no money that’d be invoiced (.) well no the last bloke took the money like you know and he said I haven’t /ænt/ got to take the money well I said your last man did I was a little bit suspicious I said because we all had a cheese sandwich for lunch and he had steak and chips (.) anyway one of them /əm/ rung the boss up and said here /ɪə:/ is this right we’m all here to pay and this bloke won’t /əʊnt/ take the money said he’s going to invoice you with it (.) well that were it then the boss coughed and spluttered and misfired and all sorts he said no you got to pay him /ɪm/ I ain’t paying him he said you pay him so we said to him no mate you got to take the money we got to pay you (.) oh alright he said so that were that (.) boss nearly shit hisself Andy: ah brilliant Phil: yeah our Ady me cousin who was with I look he got to do another /ʌnʌdə/ one next Saturday 13 P66362RA Text E2 In Text E2 Phil is recounting a story to his daughter, who lives in the South East. I was twenty-one I’d just passed /pæst/ me test my /mɔɪ/ heavy goods test for a lorry driver and when six of us went to rent this barge in the Norfolk Broads they said that I was the one to drive it because I’d just passed me heavy goods now what the hell that’s /θæs/ got to do with driving a boat I don’t know but they made me (.) I was twenty- one years /jɜz/ old and we went up on these Norfolk Broads well it was just a week of non-stop drinking but then if you remember in those days the pubs were limited to their hours so you tried to ram as much drinking in as you could in the short time allowed (.) so on the Sunday lunchtime the pubs was open from twelve to two well we just drank like it was going out of fashion and then we just came back to the boat and slept it off (.) and I never forget we were going along seven /sebm/ miles of the straightest gun- barrel straight canal you’d ever seen and my friend was driving and he fell asleep and we crashed the boat on the straightest bit of canal you could ever find /fɔɪnd/ and I think back then we had to pay a fifty pound deposit for damages and he’d wrecked all the like rubber balls they hang off the side of the boat to prevent damage well he’d smashed two or three of them up against the wall and bust them /ʌm/ all to pieces 14 P66362RA BLANK PAGE 15 P66362RA BLANK PAGE 16 P66362RA BLANK PAGE Source taken/adapted from: Text A: http://wazobiafm.com/post/where-di-hate-speech-bill-go-leads-us-go Text B1: Taken from Hello Wembley tour located: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vWiZQ23z4iI Text B2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bnDd_1fpjWc Text C1: O’Rourke, P.J. (1991) Parliament of Whores: A Lone Humorist Attempts to Explain the Entire U.S. Government. New York: Grove Press. Text C2: ‘Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas’, Hunter S Thompson, Vintage/Random House Text D: © Parliamentary Copyright Text E1 and E2: Personal recordings

2 Read Texts A–D, on pages 4 to 7 in the source booklet, before answering Question 1 in the space provided. 1 Analyse how the developments in Emily’s literacy allow her to communicate using written language. In your response you should consider any relevant language frameworks, levels and theories as appropriate. 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TOTAL FOR PAPER = 45 MARKS 15 BLANK PAGE 16 BLANK PAGE Turn over Paper reference Time 1 hour 15 minutes Source Booklet Do not return this Booklet with the question paper. English Language Advanced PAPER 2: Child Language 9EN0/02 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE P68782RA ©2022 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1/1/ 2 P68782RA CONTENTS Page English Phonemic Reference Sheet 3 Text A 4 Text B 5 Text C 6 Text D 7 3 Turn over P68782RA English Phonemic Reference Sheet Vowels kit dress trap lot strut foot ɪ e æ ɒ ʌ ʊ letter fleece cart thought goose nurse ə i: ɑ: ɔ: u: ɜ: Diacritics /:/ = length mark. These vowels may be shorter in some accents and will be transcribed without the length mark /:/ in this case. Diphthongs face goat price mouth choice near square cure eɪ əʊ ɑɪ ɑʊ ɔɪ ɪə eə ʊə Consonants pip bid tack door cake good p b t d k g chain jam fly vase thing this tʃ ʤ f v θ ð say zoo shoe treasure house mark s z ʃ ʒ h m not sing lot rose yet witch n ŋ l r j w Glottal stop Syllabic /l/ bottle Syllabic /n/ fatten ʔ ļ ņ 4 P68782RA Texts A, B, C and D were produced by Emily at school between the ages of 5 years 2 months and 6 years 1 month. Typed versions of the children’s writing are intended as a guide only. Some aspects of the typed text may have been standardised. Refer to the original texts for specific language features. Text A Emily, aged 5 years 2 months, is recalling her holiday. Typed version I we to the farm with my mum and dad and Timmy. I sor chikcs and babee lams. 5 Turn over P68782RA Text B Emily, aged 5 years 4 months, has written a narrative. Typed version One day there livd a pirate. She was corld Lola. She was lk in for treasure. She fowd treasure and she took it back to the ship. But a nda ship w ti to fat bot the od one wind 6 P68782RA Text C Emily, aged 5 years 9 months, is recalling a school trip. Typed version In the morning we went to the workshop. We sorted the new and old toys. Then we had our lunch. I had a ham and a humus wrap with banna loov and a [indecipherable] folood biy a bna with a oil fold bay yogit raizins. 7 P68782RA Text D Emily, aged 6 years 1 month, is comparing the past to today. Typed version In the past girls only got to cook, but now gerls and boys can cook. In the past you didint get to choos ther dinds but now ever one can choos ther lunch. Today we can play with balls in PE But in the past they did [indecipherable] 8 P68782RA BLANK PAGE Source information Texts A–D private source – permission obtained for use

H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 4 7. Award No Response (NR) if: • there is nothing written in the answer space Award Zero ‘0’ if: • anything is written in the answer space and is not worthy of credit (this includes text and symbols). Team Leaders must confirm the correct use of the NR button with their markers before live marking commences and should check this when reviewing scripts. 8. The scoris comments box is used by your team leader to explain the marking of the practice responses. Please refer to these comments when checking your practice responses. Do not use the comments box for any other reason. If you have any questions or comments for your team leader, use the phone, the scoris messaging system, or e-mail. 9. Assistant Examiners will send a brief report on the performance of candidates to their Team Leader (Supervisor) via email by the end of the marking period. The report should contain notes on particular strengths displayed as well as common errors or weaknesses. Constructive criticism of the question paper/mark scheme is also appreciated. 10. For answers marked by levels of response: Not applicable in F501 a. To determine the level – start at the highest level and work down until you reach the level that matches the answer b. To determine the mark within the level, consider the following: Descriptor Award mark On the borderline of this level and the one below At bottom of level Just enough achievement on balance for this level Above bottom and either below middle or at middle of level (depending on number of marks available) Meets the criteria but with some slight inconsistency Above middle and either below top of level or at middle of level (depending on number of marks available) Consistently meets the criteria for this level At top of level H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 5 Annotations Annotation Meaning Blank Page Acknowledgement that the page or section has been seen by the examiner Positive Recognition Assessment Objective 1 Assessment Objective 2 Assessment Objective 3 Assessment Objective 4 Assessment Objective 5 Attempted or insecure Analysis Detailed Vague Irrelevant Link made to another text Incorrect H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 6 INTRODUCTION Your first task as an Examiner is to become thoroughly familiar with the material on which the examination depends. This material includes: • the specification, especially the assessment objectives • the question paper and its rubrics • the texts which candidates have studied • the mark scheme. You should ensure that you have copies of these materials. You should ensure also that you are familiar with the administrative procedures related to the marking process. These are set out in the OCR booklet Instruction for Examiners. Please ask for help or guidance whenever you need it. Your first point of contact is your Team Leader. H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 7 These are the Assessment Objectives for the English Language specification as a whole. AO1 Apply appropriate methods of language analysis, using associated terminology and coherent written expression. AO2 Demonstrate critical understanding of concepts and issues relevant to language use. AO3 Analyse and evaluate how contextual factors and language features are associated with the construction of meaning. AO4 Explore connections across texts, informed by linguistic concepts and methods. AO5 Demonstrate expertise and creativity in the use of English to communicate in different ways. WEIGHTING OF ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES The relationship between the units and assessment objectives of the scheme of assessment is shown in the following table: Component % of A level AO1 AO2 AO3 AO4 AO5 Total Exploring language H470/01 11% 6% 11% 6% 6% 40% Dimensions of linguistic variation H470/02 11% 11% 12% 6% 0% 40% Independent language research H470/03 5% 5% 5% 0% 5% 20% 27% 22% 28% 12% 11% 100% H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 8 USING THE MARK SCHEME Study this Mark Scheme carefully. The Mark Scheme is an integral part of the process that begins with the setting of the question paper and ends with the awarding of grades. Question Papers and Mark Schemes are developed in association with each other so that issues of differentiation and positive achievement can be addressed from the very start. This Mark Scheme is a working document; it is not exhaustive; it does not provide ‘correct’ answers. The Mark Scheme can only provide ‘best guesses’ about how the question will work out, and it is subject to revision after we have looked at a wide range of scripts. The Examiners’ Standardisation Meeting will ensure that the Mark Scheme covers the range of candidates’ responses to the questions, and that all Examiners understand and apply the Mark Scheme in the same way. The Mark Scheme will be discussed and amended at the meeting, and administrative procedures will be confirmed. Co-ordination scripts will be issued at the meeting to exemplify aspects of candidates’ responses and achievements; the co- ordination scripts then become part of this Mark Scheme. Before the Standardisation Meeting, you should read and mark in pencil a number of scripts, in order to gain an impression of the range of responses and achievement that may be expected. In your marking, you will encounter valid responses which are not covered by the Mark Scheme: these responses must be credited. You will encounter answers which fall outside the ‘target range’ of levels for the paper which you are marking. Please mark these answers according to the marking criteria. Please read carefully all the scripts in your allocation and make every effort to look positively for achievement throughout the ability range. Always be prepared to use the full range of marks. H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 9 PAPER-SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS: H470/01 Exploring language Candidates answer all the questions on the paper. The paper addresses all of the assessment objectives: Assessment Objectives AO1 and AO3 are addressed in question 1. Assessment Objectives AO2 and AO5 are addressed in question 2. Assessment Objectives AO1, AO3 and AO4 are addressed in question 3. In each question, the assessment objectives are given equal weighting. THE INDICATIVE CONTENT FOR EACH TASK provides an indication of what candidates are likely to cover. The notes are neither prescriptive nor exhaustive: candidates should be rewarded for any relevant response which appropriately addresses the Assessment Objectives. THE LEVEL DESCRIPTORS FOR EACH QUESTION FOLLOW THE INDICATIVE CONTENT. SUBJECT-SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS: ENGLISH LANGUAGE • Each level descriptor covers the relevant assessment objectives. • Where the assessment objectives appear in separate columns, marks should be allocated for each assessment objective independently of one another. There is no requirement for responses to be allocated marks from within the same level across each assessment objective. • An answer does not have to meet all the requirements of a level descriptor before being placed in that level. The extent to which it meets all of the requirements of a level descriptor will determine its placement within that level. • The extent to which the statements within the level have been achieved should be the only criteria used when deciding the mark within a level. • Indicative content indicates possible points candidates might make, but this is not an exhaustive account. Any valid response should be rewarded. H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 10 Indicative Content – Please note: indicative content indicates possible points candidates might make, but this is not an exhaustive account. Any valid response should be rewarded. Question Guidance Marks Text features 1 Text A is the first part of a restaurant review published in the colour supplement of The Observer and then online. Giving careful consideration to the context of the text: (a) identify and analyse uses of lexis in this text (b) identify and analyse the way sentences are constructed in this text. Possibilities are provided below for guidance but any valid response should be rewarded. General contextual points (AO3): in terms of context of genre, the text was written for a newspaper magazine and is now online, so available to a large, self-selecting audience. The review is clearly aimed mainly at fairly affluent older readers, although its lively style and their familiarity with this reviewer is likely to attract ‘armchair diners’ who have no intention of ever visiting this restaurant. It will therefore be important for the review to be entertaining as well as informative, as the illustrations, a common feature of the genre, also suggest. The generally middle-class target audience of The Observer may well be flattered by (or at home with) the assumption that they know Edinburgh landmarks, which are mentioned rather than introduced (‘the Observatory buildings’, for example), Edinburgh being known as a 20 (a) identify and analyse uses of lexis in this text Possible features could be: • Mixed register is present throughout: in keeping with the aim of both entertaining and maintaining a note of sophistication, Rayner uses some quite challenging Latinate lexis (‘neoclassicism’, ‘intrepid’, ‘contemporary’) as well as the French borrowings ‘chic’ and ‘a la carte’ alongside such colloquialisms as ‘drop- dead … gorgeous’, ‘busting your lungs’ and ‘yomp uphill’, not to mention the ‘Yeah, whatever’ lifted from spoken English. • There is naturally a semantic field of food all candidates will probably note: ‘menu’, ‘flavours’, ‘courses’, ‘sauce’, ‘serves’ (etymology enthusiasts will identify these as being of French origin, as befits the field of cuisine) as well as the Anglo-Saxon (‘lunchtime’ and ‘starters’). Apart from the conventional indication of prices at the top of the review and the word ‘restaurant’ itself, this field is, rather unusually, not introduced until the fourth paragraph. This is because the first part of the review concentrates on the architecture of the restaurant, and this field is as rich as that of food (with ‘glass’, ‘concrete’, ‘geometric’ ‘designed’, ‘neoclassicism’ and others). H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 11 cultural capital. The many references to culture and the use of (again, unexplained) lexis from the field of cuisine enhances the writer’s (and newspaper’s) credibility as well as gratifyingly assuming the sophistication of the reader. While it would obviously be a mistake to see a review as an advertisement, there will likely be some persuasion as reviewers want to swing you to their opinion. This review is well-balanced overall, but the captions under the second two photographs are good examples of positive persuasive language. • The caption under the first photograph contains a pun on the common phrase (‘with attitude’) picking up on the headline (‘altitude’). The standfirst also has a pun referencing the location of the restaurant (‘reaches new peaks’). These prepare us for the largely humorous tone of the review itself. • This humour is present in the litotes of ‘No one would describe it as a model of accessibilty’, the hyperbole of ‘half the North Sea is being deposited on the hilltop’ and the oxymoron ‘toilet-block chic’. • Figurative language is also designed for comic effect, from the opening metaphor of the restaurant as ‘brave’, the personification being extended into the next sentence, and the similar personification of the sun (‘barely bothers to set’) to the simile ‘like a duvet being chucked over a bed’ and the grimly amusing idea of diners sitting too close to the fire grill getting ‘a nice cure’ (the word ‘cure’, as some who know the less familiar meaning of this word may observe, picking up on the field of cuisine). • Although the review is balanced, it is not bland, and there is both negative and positive emotive language. The former includes the factual ‘only serves’, ‘still a walk’ (in both of which it is the adverbial that makes the phrase negative) and ‘no parking’, while the latter is based on opinion, the modifiers ‘spectacular’, ‘diverting’ and ‘great’ being typical. H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 12 (b) identify and analyse the way sentences are constructed in this text. Possible features could be: • The variation of short and long sentences is a striking feature of this text. Rayner often begins a paragraph with a very short sentence. One example is the first sentence: short and blunt, it acts as a ‘hook’. Further on, ‘There is one other challenge’ works in a similar way, while ‘This is the case for the prosecution’ alerts us to the fact that there is now going to be a switch of focus. In contrast, other sentences are extremely long and complex, such as the last one of the second paragraph, which contains a series of embedded clauses. Most candidates should see that this mixture of sentence lengths at least adds variety and helps hold the reader’s interest. • A lot of use is made of contrast, which is reinforced by the syntax. The second paragraph has two long sentences (typically separated by a very short one) respectively starting ‘Inside’ and ‘Outside’, which creates a balanced effect. The first two sentences of the last paragraph share the same structure of a deictic reference followed by ‘is the’ followed by a legal term, creating an antithesis that both enhances the humour and makes the review sound fair. The imagined ‘beautiful Edinburgh summer’s day’ with ‘the late November day’ when he visits the restaurant. Each sentence contains a noun clause followed by a subordinate clause beginning ‘when’ (these clauses really acting as post-modifiers). Again, the effect is comic as the contrast is so stark. H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 13 • Elevated and prosaic phrases or clauses are set alongside each other, usually with the effect of comically deflating the former (‘the cloud-base is descending on the hill like a duvet being chucked over a bed’, ‘the neoclassicism of the faux Athenian Acropolis that dominates’ “Yeah, whatever.”’). H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 14 There are a total of 20 marks available for Question 1. 10 marks can be awarded for part (a) and 10 marks for part (b). There is one mark per level for each AO. This table should be used twice – firstly to mark part (a) and allocate a mark out of 10, and then again to mark part (b) and allocate a mark out of 10. Parts (a) and (b) focus on different language levels, and therefore each part could achieve different language levels. Each part should be marked completely separately – there is no need to look for consistency in allocating marks if the responses demonstrate different levels of competency. Level AO1 and AO3 Mark 5 • Candidates clearly identify patterns of language use in precise relation to the linguistic level specified in the task and can closely analyse incisively chosen evidence, with application of appropriate terminology; the writing is in a secure academic register. (AO1) • With a precise hold on the language feature specified in the task, candidates perceptively evaluate the possible effect of contextual factors on the way language is produced in this text and is received and understood by its audience. (AO3) 9–10 4 • Candidates can single out and analyse relevant examples of language use related to the linguistic level specified in the task, with application of appropriate terminology and coherent written expression. (AO1) • Focusing on the language feature specified in the task, candidates can convincingly weigh up some possible effects of contextual factors on the way language is produced in this text and the way it is received and understood by its audience. (AO3) 7–8 3 • Candidates make some clear points about language use which relate to the specified language level and are supported with relevant evidence; use of terminology is mostly appropriate, although likely to be less densely packed than the level above and written expression is clear but likely not to be economical. (AO1) • Having a reasonable sense of the language feature specified, candidates come to some clear conclusions about the possible effect of contextual factors on the way language is produced in this text and is received by its audience. (AO3) 5–6 2 • Candidates attempt to make their writing relevant to the feature and language level specified in the task, pulling out the occasional piece of evidence and using terminology which is partially appropriate; written expression has some errors but the meaning is nonetheless apparent. (AO1) • Having some sense of the language feature specified, candidates come to some fairly loose conclusions about the possible effect of contextual factors on the way language is produced in this text and is received by its audience. (AO3) 3–4 1 • Candidates make some link to the specified feature and language level and some terms are used appropriately; evidence, if any, is likely to be barely relevant or only loosely defined (not actually quoted, for example) and writing may at times obscure meaning. (AO1) • Conclusions about the possible effect of contextual factors on the way language is produced and is received by the audience will be somewhat indistinct. There may be a vague sense of the text’s purpose. (AO3) 1–2 0 • No response or no response worthy of any credit. 0 H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 15 Indicative Content – Please note: indicative content indicates possible points candidates might make, but this is not an exhaustive account. Any valid response should be rewarded. Question Guidance Marks Text features 2 ‘The developments in technology from the late twentieth century onwards have made our language more dynamic, versatile and creative.’ Write the script for a talk on this topic as the opening of a podcast called ‘The Way we Talk Now’. You should aim to engage a reasonably well- educated, non-specialist audience. It should be no more than 500 words. ‘ AO5 Candidates should first of all use an appropriate register for a podcast to a general audience. This means it should be fairly formal but without being stilted, the best pieces showing an ability to integrate features and colloquial terms without this lowering the overall register. They should also keep in mind that they are addressing a listening audience, so that over- complicated sentence structures need to be avoided, along with features this audience is unable to access, such as quotation marks and comments in parenthesis. Imaginative pieces will enliven the talk in various ways: humour, personal anecdotes, analogies and original figurative language could, for example, be usefully employed. As ever, specific linguistic terminology should not be used unless it is unavoidable, in which case it should be clearly explained. 24 AO2 All candidates should see that a descriptive approach to the influence of technology on language is required and most will understand that the more negative attitude to it held by many people is being implicitly criticised in the given quotation. This negative view (and perhaps some of the reasons for it – the insecurity felt by some older people as familiar boundaries are changed, the prescriptive attitude to language encouraged by certain sections of the media, etc) should be touched on, although most of the talk will almost certainly be in support of the quotation. In order to show knowledge and understanding of this issue, the two aspects of language raised by the question (its richness and its versatility) need to be tackled, though not necessarily separately. An understanding that language always changes and that this is to be welcomed will underpin many answers. Again, the usefulness of a descriptive approach in allowing greater flexibility will probably be raised in many scripts, if not as explicitly as these comments may seem to suggest. Some areas that could be covered: • A historical approach could be included: the fact that English, by embracing all sorts of linguistic H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 16 The most successful candidates will show that they have thought about the context of reception, perhaps by introducing themselves using a different name and specified role. Use of the first person singular, occasional inclusive ‘we’ and second person will be appropriate, as will such phrases as ‘some of you’. A successful handling of structure and discourse is essential in both showing that this genre is understood and exploiting it to the full. All candidates should understand that they need to start with a greeting and introduction to the topic. More thoughtful scripts will also provide discourse markers and lexical connectors throughout so that the audience has an indication of the overall structure of the talk and where they are in it at any given point. In order to do well, candidates will need to explore the given statement rather than simply considering one side, and the talk may follow a conventional discourse structure such as setting up an argument (probably, in this case, starting with the common perception that the latest technology has impoverished language) and then proceeding to attack it. Another approach would be to take one criticism of technology’s influence on language at a time and argue against it. Scripts with flair will manage to create a pleasingly cohesive piece where the end ties in with the opening and the whole is connected not only by a consistency of style and tone but by features such as different types of referencing or even a running joke. influences (unlike countries like France, with its Academie Francais), has become fuller and with more expressive possibilities as a result. This centuries-old response has no doubt encouraged our willingness to embrace all the new terms that have come about via modern technology, • The prescriptive/descriptive debate: the idea that a more ‘permissive’ attitude to language (especially among the young) leads to our being able to manipulate it in new and inventive ways. • Lexical growth is an irrefutable aspect of modern technology, as is semantic growth as more and more words become polysemes (twitter, menu, mouse – even ‘visit’ and ‘go’). • The fact that features such as initialisms, compounds and blends (‘OMG’, ‘IMOH’, ‘facetime’, ‘webinar’, etc) are not new, although they have proliferated as a result of modern technology. • Studies (e.g. Plester et al, 2008) that have shown that young people’s vocabulary grows as a result of frequent texting. • We already adapt the way we use language to suit the context and mode; technology provides more contexts and modes, so inevitably makes language richer (Pinker) • The best talks will go beyond vocabulary and may consider points such as Tim Shortis’ observation that electronic text has given rise to new patterns of spelling and punctuation as well as new symbols and new uses of existing symbols. • Again, looking beyond lexis, David Crystal’s point that modern technology, especially in the form of texting, has created ‘hybrid’ forms of language that combine the written and spoken H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 17 modes and that this leads to far more varied ways of communicating. • The discovery that Twitter, far from limiting language by limiting the number of characters allowed, has actually created more inventive means of expression, even including ‘micropoetry’. • On the other side of the argument, points made might include the tyranny of the spell-check, leading to uniform American English spellings replacing other varieties, the provision by most phones of pre-written replies to send to texts and universally accepted initialisms enforcing, by their nature, lexical repetition. (Throughout the scripts, a range of lively examples will, of course, be more important than a list of named theorists and what each said.) H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 18 There are a total of 24 marks available for Question 2. Decide on a mark for AO2 out of 12, and then a separate mark for AO5 out of 12. Add the two marks together to reach a total out of 24 marks. It is possible that candidates may achieve different levels for each AO: allocate the mark according to the level of competency demonstrated for each AO individually. Level AO2 Mark AO5 Mark 6 • In their piece of writing, candidates show an assured knowledge and understanding of the specified concept and issue and its relevance to language use. • Candidates engage critically with the specified concept and issue. 11–12 • An expertly-constructed text showing, perhaps surprising, originality in making the piece appropriate to the form specified in the task. • The use of appropriately chosen linguistic features shows flair and the writing precisely suits the audience defined in the task. 11–12 5 • In their piece of writing, candidates show a good knowledge and understanding of the specified concept and issue and its relevance to language use. • In their piece, candidates show that they can take a critical angle on the specified concept and issue. 9–10 • A well-constructed text, which is appropriate to the form specified in the task. • The use of appropriately chosen linguistic features shows skill and their writing suits the audience defined in the task. 9–10 4 • In their piece of writing, candidates show an essentially sound level of knowledge and understanding of the specified concept and issue and its relevance to language use. • Candidates show that they have some ability to think and write critically about the concept/issue. 7–8 • A deliberately constructed text, which contains most of the main elements of the form specified in the task. • There is clear use of appropriate linguistic features and the writing has been modulated to take account of the audience defined in the task. 7–8 3 • Their knowledge and understanding of the chosen language concept or issue is mostly accurate, although is likely to lack the depth needed to be convincing. • In their piece of writing, candidates have addressed the specified concept/issue, although not critically. 5–6 • A text which is attempting to match the task’s purpose and which is at least recognisable as an example of the form specified in the task. • There are some appropriate language features employed and some attempts have been made to take account of the audience defined in the task. 5–6 2 • Candidates’ knowledge and understanding of the concept/issue is likely to have inaccuracies or be muddled. • The language concept/issue is present in the piece although somewhat indistinct or confused. 3–4 • A text which has some sense of the form specified in the task, but which leaves out key elements. • There are some attempts to use appropriate language features, although probably not employing a register which suits the audience defined in the task. 3–4 H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 19 Level AO2 Mark AO5 Mark 1 • Candidates do not appear to understand the concept or issue but it is possible to see one or two points relating to it. • The language concept or issue will be just barely detectable in the piece. 1–2 • Candidates produce writing which has little sense of the specified task, although there may be one or two superficial features of the form specified in the task. • One or two appropriate language features may be present; the audience is not understood or addressed. 1–2 0 • No response or no response worthy of any credit. 0 • No response or no response worthy of any credit. 0 H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 20 Indicative Content – Please note: indicative content indicates possible points candidates might make, but this is not an exhaustive account. Any valid response should be rewarded. Question Guidance Mark Text features 3 Using appropriate linguistic concepts and methods, analyse the ways in which language is used in these two texts. In your answer you should: • explore connections and differences between the texts • consider how contextual factors contribute to the construction of meaning AO3 Both texts set out to inform but, while this is the primary purpose of Text C, Text B sets out first and foremost to entertain. It has some features of a documentary (such as the informative and ever-present V/O and the shots of Newcastle on – presumably -a Saturday night) but is closer to a reality show. There is though, at least an ostensible purpose of educating in this text, not only because it sets 36 Phonetics, phonology and prosodics Text B Text C • Phonological features of the Geordie accent. Features such as the phonemic substitution of /n/ for /ŋ/ at the end of present participles (‘straight-talkin’ ’, ‘thinkin’ ’)and the deleted sounds (‘o ‘, ‘defini’ly’), although natural to the speakers, are being employed by the producers of the show to show a clear contrast with the women from the south. • RP accents of the V/O and voices in the short clips. It could be pointed out that this does establish this accent as the norm, thus perhaps forfeiting some of the balance the programme apparently sets out to achieve. • Makylea’s imitation of an RP accent. • The general lack of non-fluency in the spontaneous speech (the redundant repetition in Lindsay’s ‘I’d be I’d be’ being a rare example) means it is really only the placing of the micropauses that make it different (in terms of fluency) from the scripted speech, where the micropauses clearly separate the utterances. Makylea’s last utterance (beginning ‘in an ideal world’) • Standard English is used throughout. • An informative piece with no examples of how individuals are affected, the article does not use quoted speech from anyone living in deprived areas listed. • The lack of a voice from those affected shows how this text talks about them while Text B lets them speak for themselves. The only quotations are ‘highly deprived’ and ‘living without a toothbrush’, a phrase taken from TeesideLive, a local news website. H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 21 out to ‘teach’ the girls from the south (as shown in the title) but in its aim, actually stated by Hufty, to challenge stereotypes. The target audience is probably largely people close to the ages of the young women featured (and female themselves). There may also be viewers who are more seriously interested in this sort of social experiment. Text C is more informative, though not without a desire to entertain to keep its readership interested (details such as that about the toothbrush adding some human interest and providing relief from the statistics). It will also be aware of maintaining its credentials as a balanced and reliable newspaper, as shown in its mentioning that the most deprived area of the UK is actually in Essex, whereas Text B paints a black-and- white picture of north and south in keeping with its central focus on the contrast between them. AO4 The texts share the topic of the unfair distribution of wealth between the north and south is a good example of how fluent she and the other Newcastle women are. • The whole text seems to be very rapid, with few pauses, sometimes even when an utterance is completed (e.g. ‘all the rest of it I can guarantee …’). • The particularly fast pace of the section where pre-recorded clips are inserted into the V/O (shown by the latch-ons). • The fact that the main presenter and all of the participants are female with one male voice used as one of the pre- recorded clips. Lexis and semantics Text B Text C • Use of dialect words (‘charver’ ‘chavs (.) or charvers as we say up here’) and ‘lasses’ with no explanation. • Hufty’s use of hedging and modal verb when referring to the southern visitors (‘these girls might feel a little bit prejudiced’). • In contrast, the V/O uses some negative lexis, mainly in the form of adjectives, to keep contrasts constantly to the forefront: ‘disadvantaged’, ‘hard’, ‘toughest’, along with the figurative ‘a daily battle’. • Alongside socio-economic terms such as ‘financially deprived’ and ‘economic downturn’, the article employs more emotive language than we might expect (‘staggering’, ‘suffering’). • Most of the lexis is sophisticated (Latinate words ‘investigates’, ‘sufficient’ and ‘deprivation’) contrasted with ‘toothbrush’. • Use of the clipping ‘stats’, but the word has previously been used in full. • Figurative language creates a further emotive effect (‘taken a hit’, ‘fallen off the charts’). H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 22 of the UK. Text B is a transcript of part of the TV programme ‘Geordie Finishing School for Girls’, which follows wealthy young women from the south as they spend time in Newcastle with young women living on benefits there. Text C is an article from the online version of the newspaper. All candidates will be aware of the north/south divide, and their language studies should have made them familiar with the different ways in which stereotypes are handled by the media. They should also be interested in accent and dialect and know to avoid a prescriptive approach to them. The texts obviously differ in mode: Text B contains a mixture of scripted and unscripted speech, while Text C is a written text with one photograph, headline and sub- headings in bold font and hyperlinks. While the article is written text and having just one author, very tightly controlled, it could be argued that the programme extract is so dependent on the voice over for its structure and, not having been broadcast live, • The V/O and the clips from other presenters at the beginning of the text all use noun phrases from a semantic field of socio-economics (‘deprived areas’, ‘unemployment rate’, ‘poverty line’). • The more human, prosaic element is found in the language of the Geordie women, which can be colloquial (‘a grand’ – or figurative - ‘handed … on a plate’, ‘led … astray’). • The V/O attempts to use some colloquial lexis, perhaps in a form of downward convergence (‘the posh girls’, ‘mum of two’). • Andersson does not feel the need to explain the recent coinage ‘gentrification’ or its negative connotations to her educated target audience. Grammar and syntax Text B Text C • Non-standard pronouns seen in ‘me mouth got us into a lo’ o’ trouble’, the use of the object form of the first person pronoun at the end of an utterance - ‘I’m proud to be a charver me’ - , the dialectal ‘mam’ for the standard English ‘mum’ and the singular verb ending after a plural subject in ‘mam and dad puts’. • The scripted speech uses standard sentences, generally keeping to one or two clauses. The only example of an incomplete sentence is the opening one, where an introductory clause such as ‘This is’ is not needed because of the visual shots. • The grammar is very formal, obeying prescriptive rules such as the avoidance of prepositions at the end of a clause (‘the level to which local authorities lack …’). • Fronted conjunction in the sentence starting ‘And while the north’, but this is the only one. • The formality is further created by the use of the passive voice on several occasions (‘is said to have been’, ‘reported to be unable to afford.’). • Sentences are uniformly lengthy, the shortest having 13 words. H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 23 has had so much chance to select the spontaneous utterances it wants to use that it is almost equally crafted. Text B, although it supplies some factual information through the V/O and short pre- recorded clips relies on making its points directly through the voices of the people involved and the contrasting shots of the south and north. The only visual image used in Text C is the photograph of one industrial scene and nothing audial is possible. The main target audience – mainly middle- aged and older and middle- class, though the online element may attract younger readers – is expected to be more interested in the overall situation and the statistics than in the experience of individuals. • Syntax in the spontaneous speech can be looser, for example with the compounding in Makylea’s first speech and the unconnected noun phrases in Lindsay’s ‘if you’re a policeman (.) social services (.) council’. • Superlatives are used quite frequently by the V/O and the presenters in the clips (‘most deprived’, ‘highest unemployment rate’, ‘most disadvantaged’). Discourse Text B Text C • The structure takes the form of a conversation introduced and then interrupted by a presenter’s V/Os. Equally, the whole could be seen as one introduction with the Newcastle women’s speeches being used as pre-recorded clips to support it, the only difference being that we actually see them. There has evidently been very careful editing. • The V/Os provide a framework into which the selected utterances fit smoothly, giving us background information or foregrounding what the presenter sees as the key aspects of a speech. She does the latter when she introduces Hufty’s first one with ‘she’s out to challenge some negative stereotypes’ and again with Makylea and Lindsay, where she both tells us more about their situation and gives a summary of what they then say. • Hufty’s use of questions and feedback (‘very good Lindsay’). • Turn-taking seems to be co-operative, Hufty’s interrogatives steering the • The article has a conventional structure for its genre, with headline in bold, large font, by-line, photograph and, later, sub- headings, again in larger, bolder font, which summarise the section to come, in the first two cases by selecting the most sensational point made. • There are many paragraphs, each containing one or at most two sentences. • Hyperlinks are indicated, as is now conventional, by using a different colour for certain references. • There is clear cohesion: the headline outlines the whole article, while the first part deals with the ‘19 of the 20’ neighbourhoods mentioned, with the second focusing on the twentieth before moving on to a consideration of why London areas previously in the bottom twenty have moved up this particular league table. This latter part differs from the first in that it suggests reasons for the decline or rise of certain areas, whereas the first part simply relays statistics and H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 24 conversation and her lack of vocatives (as well as the useful dialectal plural ‘yous’). • There is only one overlap, where Hufty defers to Lindsay. Unnaturally constructed speech, the V/Os combining with Hufty’s questions. • The text is very cohesive as the V/O constantly steers it in the desired direction, with the emphasis in this part of the programme being on the young Newcastle women’s poverty. facts, consistently citing reliable sources for them. H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 25 There are a total of 36 marks available for Question 3. Decide on a mark for AO1 out of 12, and then a separate mark for AO3 out of 12, and a separate mark for AO4 out of 12. Add the three marks together to reach a total out of 36 marks. It is possible that candidates may achieve different levels for each AO: allocate the mark according to the level of competency demonstrated for each AO individually. Level AO1 Mark AO3 Mark AO4 Mark 6 • Candidates apply a range of appropriate methods in an assured and systematic way, using appropriate terminology and writing in a secure academic register. • They deftly establish and explore patterns of language use and can closely analyse incisively chosen evidence. 11–12 • Candidates make discerning points about the possible effect of contextual factors on particular features of language, both in terms of production and reception. • They perceptively evaluate their points, suggesting alternatives for how context might account for variations in language use. 11–12 • Candidates selectively and methodically apply confident knowledge of appropriate linguistic concepts across both texts. • Candidates compare particular linguistic features in the two texts, making illuminating connections between them which clearly establish some of the varied ways that language is used. 11–12 5 • Candidates apply a range of appropriate methods to the texts in a systematic way, using appropriate terminology and coherent written expression. • They establish patterns of language use and can analyse well-chosen evidence in some depth. 9–10 • Candidates make strong and helpful points about relevant contextual factors, showing how context might affect language use, both in terms of production and reception. • They show that they can weigh up how contextual factors might account for variations in language use. 9–10 • Candidates methodically apply sound knowledge of appropriate linguistic concepts across both texts. • Candidates compare linguistic features in the two texts, making helpful connections between them which show some of the ways that language varies. 9–10 H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 26 Level AO1 Mark AO3 Mark AO4 Mark 4 • Candidates apply some appropriate methods in a sound way, using mostly appropriate terminology and coherent if uneconomical writing. • Analysis is characterised by either a fairly limited number of well-developed points, with relevant evidence, or a larger number of valid supported points that lack depth. 7–8 • Candidates make some valid points about context, showing how contextual factors can affect language production and reception. • They come to some sound conclusions about how contextual factors could cause variations in language. 7–8 • Candidates apply accurate knowledge of linguistic concepts to language features in a way that is mostly appropriate, across both texts. • They make some comparisons of linguistic features in the two texts, making some connections between them which show ways in which language use varies. 7–8 3 • Candidates attempt to apply linguistic methods with some success, and terminology is at times appropriate; written expression contains some errors. • Analysis is uneven and is characterised by either scattered points that are supported with evidence or points which may have validity but are unsupported. 5–6 • Candidates make a few successful attempts at showing how basic contextual factors affect the way language is produced and received. • Conclusions drawn tend to be assertive and simplistic rather than weighed in the balance and are sometimes unconvincing; there may be an elementary sense of how context affects language variation. 5–6 • Candidates have a loose grasp of linguistic concepts and attempt to apply them to both texts, although sometimes unconvincingly. • They will make more general connections and will attempt to compare particular features but with only partial success. 5–6 H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 27 Level AO1 Mark AO3 Mark AO4 Mark 2 • Candidates make a vague attempt to apply linguistic methods to the texts and some terms are used, with occasional appropriateness; writing is likely to contain errors which sometimes obscures meaning. • One or two simple points are made, with little or tenuous evidence; assertive rather than analytical. 3–4 • Candidates can comment on context, although this is unlikely to show proper grasp of production and reception and so is of very limited use. • Evaluation of points is not happening in this level because there is no real exploration of language, but there may be one or two generalisations made about the effects of context on the language. 3–4 • Where linguistic concepts are in evidence for each text, understanding is shallow and knowledge of them is likely to be muddled. • Some loose connections between the texts are established in one or two places in the answer. These connections are likely to be simple matching and contrasting of features with very little demonstration of how language varies. 3–4 1 • Candidates struggle to apply the linguistic methods; terminology, if present, is inappropriate and accuracy of written expression is very limited. • There may be the odd point made but there is no analysis with evidence. 1–2 • One or at the most two references are made to the context with no link to language production or reception. • Little or no attempt to draw conclusions about the effect of context on different uses of language. 1–2 • Any knowledge of linguistic concepts is likely to be mostly inaccurate with perhaps a very vague sense of understanding both texts being present. • The notion of comparison is essentially lost in this level. There may be one or two connections here and there but these do not help with notions of the varieties of language use. 1–2 0 • No response or no response worthy of any credit. 0 • No response or no response worthy of any credit. 0 • No response or no response worthy of any credit. 0 H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2022 28 APPENDIX 1 Assessment Objective weightings are given as percentages. Assessment Objectives Grid Question AO1% AO2% AO3% AO4% AO5% Total% 1 5 0 5 0 0 10 2 0 6 0 0 6 12 3 6 0 6 6 0 18 Totals 11% 6% 11% 6% 6% 40% Need to get in touch? If you ever have any questions about OCR qualifications or services (including administration, logistics and teaching) please feel free to get in touch with our customer support centre. 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H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 3 2. Subject-specific Marking Instructions for AS Level Mathematics B (MEI) a Annotations must be used during your marking. For a response awarded zero (or full) marks a single appropriate annotation (cross, tick, M0 or ^) is sufficient, but not required. For responses that are not awarded either 0 or full marks, you must make it clear how you have arrived at the mark you have awarded and all responses must have enough annotation for a reviewer to decide if the mark awarded is correct without having to mark it independently. It is vital that you annotate standardisation scripts fully to show how the marks have been awarded. Award NR (No Response) - if there is nothing written at all in the answer space and no attempt elsewhere in the script - OR if there is a comment which does not in any way relate to the question (e.g. ‘can’t do’, ‘don’t know’) - OR if there is a mark (e.g. a dash, a question mark, a picture) which isn’t an attempt at the question. Note: Award 0 marks only for an attempt that earns no credit (including copying out the question). If a candidate uses the answer space for one question to answer another, for example using the space for 8(b) to answer 8(a), then give benefit of doubt unless it is ambiguous for which part it is intended. b An element of professional judgement is required in the marking of any written paper. Remember that the mark scheme is designed to assist in marking incorrect solutions. Correct solutions leading to correct answers are awarded full marks but work must not always be judged on the answer alone, and answers that are given in the question, especially, must be validly obtained; key steps in the working must always be looked at and anything unfamiliar must be investigated thoroughly. Correct but unfamiliar or unexpected methods are often signalled by a correct result following an apparently incorrect method. Such work must be carefully assessed. When a candidate adopts a method which does not correspond to the mark scheme, escalate the question to your Team Leader who will decide on a course of action with the Principal Examiner. If you are in any doubt whatsoever you should contact your Team Leader. H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 4 c The following types of marks are available. M A suitable method has been selected and applied in a manner which shows that the method is essentially understood. Method marks are not usually lost for numerical errors, algebraic slips or errors in units. However, it is not usually sufficient for a candidate just to indicate an intention of using some method or just to quote a formula; the formula or idea must be applied to the specific problem in hand, e.g. by substituting the relevant quantities into the formula. In some cases the nature of the errors allowed for the award of an M mark may be specified. A method mark may usually be implied by a correct answer unless the question includes the DR statement, the command words “Determine” or “Show that”, or some other indication that the method must be given explicitly. A Accuracy mark, awarded for a correct answer or intermediate step correctly obtained. Accuracy marks cannot be given unless the associated Method mark is earned (or implied). Therefore M0 A1 cannot ever be awarded. B Mark for a correct result or statement independent of Method marks. E A given result is to be established or a result has to be explained. This usually requires more working or explanation than the establishment of an unknown result. Unless otherwise indicated, marks once gained cannot subsequently be lost, e.g. wrong working following a correct form of answer is ignored. Sometimes this is reinforced in the mark scheme by the abbreviation isw. However, this would not apply to a case where a candidate passes through the correct answer as part of a wrong argument. d When a part of a question has two or more ‘method’ steps, the M marks are in principle independent unless the scheme specifically says otherwise; and similarly where there are several B marks allocated. (The notation ‘dep*’ is used to indicate that a particular mark is dependent on an earlier, asterisked, mark in the scheme.) Of course, in practice it may happen that when a candidate has once gone wrong in a part of a question, the work from there on is worthless so that no more marks can sensibly be given. On the other hand, when two or more steps are successfully run together by the candidate, the earlier marks are implied and full credit must be given. e The abbreviation FT implies that the A or B mark indicated is allowed for work correctly following on from previously incorrect results. Otherwise, A and B marks are given for correct work only – differences in notation are of course permitted. A (accuracy) marks are not given for answers obtained from incorrect working. When A or B marks are awarded for work at an intermediate stage of a solution, there may be various alternatives that are equally acceptable. In such cases, what is acceptable will be detailed in the mark scheme. If this is not the case, please escalate the question to your Team Leader who will decide on a course of action with the Principal Examiner. Sometimes the answer to one part of a question is used in a later part of the same question. In this case, A marks will often be ‘follow through’. In such cases you must ensure that you refer back to the answer of the previous part question even if this is not shown within the image zone. You may find it easier to mark follow through questions candidate-by-candidate rather than question-by-question. H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 5 f Unless units are specifically requested, there is no penalty for wrong or missing units as long as the answer is numerically correct and expressed either in SI or in the units of the question. (e.g. lengths will be assumed to be in metres unless in a particular question all the lengths are in km, when this would be assumed to be the unspecified unit.) We are usually quite flexible about the accuracy to which the final answer is expressed; over-specification is usually only penalised where the scheme explicitly says so.  When a value is given in the paper only accept an answer correct to at least as many significant figures as the given value.  When a value is not given in the paper accept any answer that agrees with the correct value to 2 s.f. unless a different level of accuracy has been asked for in the question, or the mark scheme specifies an acceptable range. NB for Specification A the rubric specifies 3 s.f. as standard, so this statement reads “3 s.f” Follow through should be used so that only one mark in any question is lost for each distinct accuracy error. Candidates using a value of 9.80, 9.81 or 10 for g should usually be penalised for any final accuracy marks which do not agree to the value found with 9.8 which is given in the rubric. g Rules for replaced work and multiple attempts:  If one attempt is clearly indicated as the one to mark, or only one is left uncrossed out, then mark that attempt and ignore the others.  If more than one attempt is left not crossed out, then mark the last attempt unless it only repeats part of the first attempt or is substantially less complete.  if a candidate crosses out all of their attempts, the assessor should attempt to mark the crossed out answer(s) as above and award marks appropriately. h For a genuine misreading (of numbers or symbols) which is such that the object and the difficulty of the question remain unaltered, mark according to the scheme but following through from the candidate’s data. A penalty is then applied; 1 mark is generally appropriate, though this may differ for some units. This is achieved by withholding one A or B mark in the question. Marks designated as cao may be awarded as long as there are no other errors. If a candidate corrects the misread in a later part, do not continue to follow through. E marks are lost unless, by chance, the given results are established by equivalent working. Note that a miscopy of the candidate’s own working is not a misread but an accuracy error. i If a calculator is used, some answers may be obtained with little or no working visible. Allow full marks for correct answers provided that there is nothing in the wording of the question specifying that analytical methods are required such as the bold “In this question you must show detailed reasoning”, or the command words “Show” and “Determine. Where an answer is wrong but there is some evidence of method, allow appropriate method marks. Wrong answers with no supporting method score zero. If in doubt, consult your Team Leader. j If in any case the scheme operates with considerable unfairness consult your Team Leader. H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 6 Question Answer Marks AO Guidance 1 Equation of form k y x = M1 1.1a Can be implied later by an equation of the correct form 2 y x = oe A1 2.2a [2] 2 (a) 2 25 x − B1 1.1 Isw [1] 2 (b) (i) 2 25 0 x −  M1 1.1a Implied by B2 5 5 x −  o.e. B1 2.2a At least one part of the domain correct, condone missing = for this mark, e.g. 5 x  Can score M0 B1 B1 2.5 Domain completely correct and correctly expressed Eg allow 5 x − and 5 x −but not 5 x − or 5 x −or other ambiguous notation eg a comma Condone 5 x  seen in working if final answer is correct [3] 2 (b) (ii) 0 fg( ) 5 x   or 0 5 y   B1 2.2a At least one part of the range correct, condone missing = for this mark, e.g. 5 y  , allow use of f(x) or g(x) notation here but not x B1 2.5 Range completely correct and correctly expressed See notes in 2(b)(i) [2] H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 7 3 (a) 1 B1 2.2a Cao Must be clear that the limit is equal to 1. Therefore tending to or approaching 1 or 0.999 or → 1 etc do not score [1] 3 (b) 1 1 1 na n = − + M1 3.1a 1 n + increases as n increases so 1 1 n + decreases M1 2.4 Convincing explanation that 1 1 n + decreases Less is being taken away from 1 each time so 1 1 1 na n = − + increases E1 2.1 Convincing completion (A.G.) Special Case (Max 2 for this method) Correct differentiation and states > 0 to demonstrate increasing SC B1 Goes on to consider [positive] integers as a subset of reals to complete their argument SC B1 dep on first B1. [3] H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 8 Alternative method 1 1 2 n n + + 2 ( 2) ( 1) n n n +  + M1 M1 This method is testing 1 n n + < 1 2 n n + + Formulating expression for (n+1)th or (n-1)th term For formulating inequality and cross multiplying 2 ( 2) 2 n n n n + = + and ( ) 2 2 1 2 1 n n n + = + + Expanding brackets to give convincing completion (A.G.) E1 Probably see 1 2 1 n n n n +  + + [i.e. increasing] Alternative method 2 1 2 n n + + M1 Formulating expression for (n+1)th term Difference is ( ) 2 1 ( 2) 1 2 1 ( 1)( 2) n n n n n n n n n + − + + − = + + + + M1 Finding difference and attempts to form a single fraction eg may be 1 n n a a + − ( ) 2 1 ( 2) 1 0 ( 1)( 2) ( 1)( 2) n n n n n n n + − + =  + + + + So sequence is increasing E1 Convincing completion (A.G.) [3] H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 9 4 DR ( ) 2 2 1 sin 3sin x x − = M1 3.1a 2 2sin 3sin 2 [ 0] x x + − = M1 1.1 For getting a 3-term quadratic on the same side in a single trig ratio (not dep on M1) 1 sin 2 x = A1 1.1 BC, ignore second value if presented 6  A1 1.1 First angle correct and in radians 5 6  B1 2.2a FT (− their first angle) OR (180 - their first angle) (dep on first M1) If further solutions in range B0 [5] H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 10 5 (a) d d 4 3 3 2 0 d d y y x x y y x x + + + = M1 A1 1.1a 1.1 Attempt at implicit differentiation. Either d 3 3 d y x y x + or d 2 d y y x correct. Condone d d y x = for M1 All correct d d 3 2 4 3 d d y y x y x y x x + = − − d 4 3 d 3 2 y x y x x y + = − + E1 2.1 AG At least one step of working needed to achieve convincing completion. [3] 5 (b) DR d 4 0 d 3 y x y x =  = − or 3 4 y x = − M1 3.1a Finding y in terms of x (or vice versa) Condone sign errors for M1 2 2 2 16 2 4 2 0 9 x x x − + + = Or 2 2 2 9 9 2 0 8 4 y y y − + + = M1 1.1 Substitution into equation of curve to get equation in x (or y) 2 2 2 3 9 x x =  =  Or 2 1 2 4 8 y y − = − =  A1 1.1 Both values – some working needed nfww (eg sign error in first line) (3, –4) and (–3, 4) A1 1.1 Both points as coordinates. Dep on M2A1. A0 if extra values [4] H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 11 6 (a) ( ) d 20 d T k T t = − [where k is a constant] B2 3.3 1.1 May be k − and/or ( ) 20 T − B1 if no constant If additional terms seen B0 [2] 6 (b) k = + 0.07 OR -0.07 oe B1 1.1 ( ) 1 d dt 20 T k T = −   M1 3.1a Appropriate separation of variables for their DE soi by correct integration or answer Condone missing dt and/or dT ln( 20) [ ] T kt c − = + M1 1.1 o.e. For correct integration to include a ln term Or [ ] 20 kt c T e + − = ln70 c = M1 1.1 To find c from their equation using t = 0, T = 90 Or 70 ce = ( ) ln 20 0.07 ln70 T t − = − + ( ) ln 20 0.07 ln70 t = − + M1 3.4 Clear substitution of 40 T = into their equation in T and t coming from integration 2 0.07 7 t − = − 17.9 t  [minutes] A1 3.2a 17.8966… If there is any doubt about the rigour of an otherwise correct solution withhold the A1. Any accuracy ≥ 2sf 17.9 nfww gets 6 [6] H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 12 7 (a) 6 8 x  0 or 6 0 x  B1 2.4 Do not accept 6 8 x is always positive (ie > 0) [1] 7 (b) The expansion with two terms is a better approximation than the one with three terms but it should be the other way round. E1 2.3 O.E. See exemplars [1] 7 (c) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 ... 2 2 2 2! 2 2 2 3! x x x − −      + − + − + − − +           M1 1.1a Working for 3rd or 4th term correct Must see the negative 3 x 3 6 9 1 ... 2 8 16 x x x − − − A2 1.1 1.1 A2 all terms correct or A1 for three terms correct [3] 7 (d) 1 x  oe B1 1.1 [1] 7 (e) Goes through 2.5 on y-axis and (1,0) B1 2.2a Right shape for values of x from –1 to 1 B1 1.1 Curve reaches between (-1, 3) to (-1, 4.5) [2] 7 (f) DR 0.75 3 6 9 0.75 2.5 1 d 2 8 16 x x x x −   − − −        M1 3.1b For their expression from 7(c) in an integration. Condone dx missing. 2.5 and limits needed but may be seen later   0.75 4 7 10 0.75 2.5 8 56 160 x x x x −   − − −     M1 1.1 For integrating their expression (3 terms or more) allow one error Limits could be wrong or missing here H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 13 4 7 10 4 7 10 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 8 56 160 [2.5] ( 0.75) ( 0.75) ( 0.75) 0.75 8 56 160     − − −               − − −   −− − − −           M1 1.1 For attempt at their limits substituted into their integrand. Substitution must be seen. 3.74 m2 A1 3.2a AWRT 3.74 from correct working. Must include units. 1.495 will probably get either M2 or M3 Annotate final page Special Case If trapezium rule used on original function allow M1 A1 maximum Likely answers If 2 strips used: 3.71m2 If 3 strips used: 3.72 m2 If 6 strips used: 3.73 m2 [4] H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 14 8 (a) 3 8 y x = − 3 8 x y = + M1 1.1a Attempt to re-arrange 3 ( 8) x + oe isw A1 2.2a Ignore labelling of this expression eg fh(x) = 3 ( 8) x + scores 2 [2] 8 (b) A (0, –8) B1 1.1 Condone lack of brackets if meaning is clear B (2, 0) B2 2.2a C (0, 2) B1 1.1 FT their B D (–8, 0) B1 1.1 FT their A [5] 8 (c) Midpoint is (1, –4) and Gradient of AB is 4 B1 1.1 3.1a FT their A and B. May be implied by later work Gradient of perpendicular bisector is 1 4 − B1 2.2a FT -ve reciprocal of their 4 Equation ( ) 1 4 1 4 y x + = − − M1 Or using y = mx + c and attempting to evaluate c Must be using their midpoint and their 1 4 − 1 3 3 4 4 y x = − − A1 1.1 Final answer [4] H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 15 Either 8 (d) (0 - a)2 + (2 – b)2 = r 2 using C (0 - a)2 + (-8 – b)2 = r 2 using A (2 - a)2 + (0 – b)2 = r 2 using B (-8 - a)2 +( 0 – b)2 = r 2 using D Setting up any 2 of the above equations M1 3.1a Attempting to solve to find a or b M1 3.1a May solve all 4 which also earns 3rd method mark Centre (-3, -3) oe A1 1.1 Using their centre and another point (A, B, C or D) to find the radius M1 2.1 ( ) ( ) 2 2 3 3 34 x y + + + = cao A1 2.2a [5] Or Intersection of any 2 of y x = , 3 x = − , 3 y = − , 1 3 3 4 4 y x = − − , 4 15 y x = − − M1 3.1a Identifying 2 perp bisectors of 2 chords eg BD and AC, or AB and CD Attempting to solve to find intersection point M1 3.1a ( ) 3, 3 − − A1 1.1 Using their centre and another point (A, B, C or D) to find the radius M1 2.1 ( ) ( ) 2 2 3 3 34 x y + + + = A1 2.2a [5] H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 16 9 d cos d y x x = M1 1.1 Attempt to use small angle approximations scores M0 cos 0 =1 and this is the same as the gradient of y x = (AG) E1 2.2a Convincing completion not necessarily in words [2] 10 DR 2 d 4 8 cos d y x x x   = − − M1 3.1a Attempt to differentiate. Both an x term and a cos term needed condone other errors. If 2 is treated as a variable and incorrectly differentiated eg to 2 then M0. Similarly with . 2.6 x = , d 0.0226... d y x = M1 3.1a At least one substitution into their expression 2.7 x = , d 0.0112... d y x = − A1 1.1 Both correct (at least 2d.p., rounded or truncated) Gradient zero for a value between 2.6 and 2.7 E1 2.2a Can be implied by ‘sign change’ or sketch Dependent on M2 but can be earned following M2A0 Gradient positive, zero, negative so max B1 2.4 Allow 2nd derivative used at turning point found BC (x= 2.67, 2nd deriv = -0.356) or 2 relevant values eg -0.295 and -0.383 seen and stated as < 0 therefore max [5] H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 17 11 4 45(180 45) 12 40500 45(180 45) 17  − = − − B1 1.1 Substitution seen or implied by partial working Condone 0.70588… 45 4  = B1 1.2 Soi maybe in substitution 2 16 12 4 4 17 5 4 4 4           −     =   −  −     B1 2.2a Substitution seen or implied by partial working Both answers must be 12 17 [3] H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 18 12 (a) sin 2 y x    = +     is a translation of sin y x = M1 3.1a ORsin sin cos sin cos 2 2 2 x x x      + = +     2  to left and so is the same as cos y x = E1 2.2a OR sin sin 0 1 cos cos 2 x x x x    + = +  =     Convincing completion (AG) [2] 12 (b)   2 16 2 2 cos 5 4 2 2 x x x x x         + −           − + −       M1* 2.1 Substitute 2 x  +   2 2 2 2 2 16 4 cos 5 4 4 x x x      −        − −     DM1 1.1 Multiplying out brackets (dep on first M1)   2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 16 4 cos 4 4 x x x x x     − −  = + + A1 1.1 Convincing completion (AG) Check continuation page [3] H640/03 Mark Scheme June 2022 19 Exemplars for 7b Accept (eg) The 3-term expansion is further away than the one with 2 terms The 3-term expansion moves away from the 2-term expansion The 3-term expansion is on the wrong side of the graph of the 2-term expansion The 3-term expansion goes up at the end The 3-term expansion should be more accurate than a 2-term expansion [and it isn’t] The 3-term expansion moves away from the other 2 Do not accept (eg) They don’t follow the same shape Need to get in touch? 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H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 4 7. Award No Response (NR) if: • there is nothing written in the answer space Award Zero ‘0’ if: • anything is written in the answer space and is not worthy of credit (this includes text and symbols). Team Leaders must confirm the correct use of the NR button with their markers before live marking commences and should check this when reviewing scripts. 8. The scoris comments box is used by your team leader to explain the marking of the practice responses. Please refer to these comments when checking your practice responses. Do not use the comments box for any other reason. If you have any questions or comments for your team leader, use the phone, the scoris messaging system, or e-mail. 9. Assistant Examiners will send a brief report on the performance of candidates to their Team Leader (Supervisor) via email by the end of the marking period. The report should contain notes on particular strengths displayed as well as common errors or weaknesses. Constructive criticism of the question paper/mark scheme is also appreciated. 10. For answers marked by levels of response: Not applicable in F501 a. To determine the level – start at the highest level and work down until you reach the level that matches the answer b. To determine the mark within the level, consider the following: Descriptor Award mark On the borderline of this level and the one below At bottom of level Just enough achievement on balance for this level Above bottom and either below middle or at middle of level (depending on number of marks available) Meets the criteria but with some slight inconsistency Above middle and either below top of level or at middle of level (depending on number of marks available) Consistently meets the criteria for this level At top of level H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 5 Annotations Annotation Meaning Blank Page – this annotation must be used on all blank pages within an answer booklet (structured or unstructured) and on each page of an additional object where there is no Positive Recognition Assessment Objective 1 Assessment Objective 2 Assessment Objective 3 Assessment Objective 4 Assessment Objective 5 Attempted or insecure Analysis Detailed Vague Irrelevant Link made to another text Incorrect H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 6 INTRODUCTION Your first task as an Examiner is to become thoroughly familiar with the material on which the examination depends. This material includes: • the specification, especially the assessment objectives • the question paper and its rubrics • the texts which candidates have studied • the mark scheme. You should ensure that you have copies of these materials. You should ensure also that you are familiar with the administrative procedures related to the marking process. These are set out in the OCR booklet Instruction for Examiners. Please ask for help or guidance whenever you need it. Your first point of contact is your Team Leader. H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 7 These are the Assessment Objectives for the English Language specification as a whole. AO1 Apply appropriate methods of language analysis, using associated terminology and coherent written expression. AO2 Demonstrate critical understanding of concepts and issues relevant to language use. AO3 Analyse and evaluate how contextual factors and language features are associated with the construction of meaning. AO4 Explore connections across texts, informed by linguistic concepts and methods. AO5 Demonstrate expertise and creativity in the use of English to communicate in different ways. WEIGHTING OF ASSESSMENT OBJECTIVES The relationship between the units and assessment objectives of the scheme of assessment is shown in the following table: Component % of A level AO1 AO2 AO3 AO4 AO5 Total Exploring language H470/01 11% 6% 11% 6% 6% 40% Dimensions of linguistic variation H470/02 11% 11% 12% 6% 0% 40% Independent language research H470/03 5% 5% 5% 0% 5% 20% 27% 22% 28% 12% 11% 100% H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 8 USING THE MARK SCHEME Study this Mark Scheme carefully. The Mark Scheme is an integral part of the process that begins with the setting of the question paper and ends with the awarding of grades. Question Papers and Mark Schemes are developed in association with each other so that issues of differentiation and positive achievement can be addressed from the very start. This Mark Scheme is a working document; it is not exhaustive; it does not provide ‘correct’ answers. The Mark Scheme can only provide ‘best guesses’ about how the question will work out, and it is subject to revision after we have looked at a wide range of scripts. The Examiners’ Standardisation Meeting will ensure that the Mark Scheme covers the range of candidates’ responses to the questions, and that all Examiners understand and apply the Mark Scheme in the same way. The Mark Scheme will be discussed and amended at the meeting, and administrative procedures will be confirmed. Co-ordination scripts will be issued at the meeting to exemplify aspects of candidates’ responses and achievements; the co- ordination scripts then become part of this Mark Scheme. Before the Standardisation Meeting, you should read and mark in pencil a number of scripts, in order to gain an impression of the range of responses and achievement that may be expected. In your marking, you will encounter valid responses which are not covered by the Mark Scheme: these responses must be credited. You will encounter answers which fall outside the ‘target range’ of levels for the paper which you are marking. Please mark these answers according to the marking criteria. Please read carefully all the scripts in your allocation and make every effort to look positively for achievement throughout the ability range. Always be prepared to use the full range of marks. H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 9 PAPER-SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS: H470/01 Exploring language Candidates answer all the questions on the paper. The paper addresses all of the assessment objectives: Assessment Objectives AO1 and AO3 are addressed in question 1. Assessment Objectives AO2 and AO5 are addressed in question 2. Assessment Objectives AO1, AO3 and AO4 are addressed in question 3. In each question, the assessment objectives are given equal weighting. THE INDICATIVE CONTENT FOR EACH TASK provides an indication of what candidates are likely to cover. The notes are neither prescriptive nor exhaustive: candidates should be rewarded for any relevant response which appropriately addresses the Assessment Objectives. THE LEVEL DESCRIPTORS FOR EACH QUESTION FOLLOW THE INDICATIVE CONTENT. SUBJECT-SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS: ENGLISH LANGUAGE • Each level descriptor covers the relevant assessment objectives. • Where the assessment objectives appear in separate columns, marks should be allocated for each assessment objective independently of one another. There is no requirement for responses to be allocated marks from within the same level across each assessment objective. • An answer does not have to meet all the requirements of a level descriptor before being placed in that level. The extent to which it meets all of the requirements of a level descriptor will determine its placement within that level. • The extent to which the statements within the level have been achieved should be the only criteria used when deciding the mark within a level. • Indicative content indicates possible points candidates might make, but this is not an exhaustive account. Any valid response should be rewarded. H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 10 Indicative Content – Please note: indicative content indicates possible points candidates might make, but this is not an exhaustive account. Any valid response should be rewarded. Question Guidance Marks Text features 1 Text A is an extract taken from the online version of Time Out, a magazine that tells Londoners what is happening in their city. It was published in 2019. Giving careful consideration to the context of the text: (a) identify and analyse uses of lexis in this text (b) identify and analyse the way sentences are constructed in this text. Possibilities are provided below for guidance but any valid response should be rewarded. General contextual points (AO3): in terms of context of genre, the text was written for a magazine and is now online, thus available to a large, self-selecting audience. The nature of the guide (as well as its style) suggests a target audience of younger, more cosmopolitan people. In wider contextual terms, the feature is also exploiting trends of physical fitness and environmental awareness, particularly appealing to its younger audience and probably to most candidates. Many will see that the text, as well as being an informative guide, has an element of persuasion in encouraging cycling, while some will be aware of a more subtle aim of promoting both London and the magazine itself, which is presenting a self-image of ‘trendiness’ and ‘cosmopolitanism’ coupled with ‘green’ credentials. Entertainment, as expected, is also present in the style of the text. 20 (a) identify and analyse uses of lexis in this text Possible features to mention include: • Mixed register, in keeping with the aim of entertaining without patronising: use of colloquial lexis to appeal to a young audience (‘lush’, ‘scooting through’, ‘eyeing up’) but also a few low frequency words (‘iconic’, ‘provenance’) • Many verbs that give a sense of movement and energy: ‘whizzing past’, ‘hop’, ‘jump’, ‘head’ • Cultural references to proper nouns that tend to give a sense of inclusion – to London features such as Zone 1 but also to Instagram and the peerage directory Who’s Who (although this has become such a common phrase that knowledge of the book isn’t needed) • Personal pronouns ‘we’, targeting Londoners in particular, and, more obviously, ‘you’, this direct address using synthetic personalisation (‘your bike’) and reinforcing the persuasive aim of the guide. • In line with the persuasive purpose, hyperbolic or near-hyperbolic phrases: ‘spoilt for choice’, ‘can’t be beaten’, ‘best bike rides’ (b) identify and analyse the way sentences are constructed in this text. Possible aspects to include are: H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 11 Some of the messages designed to appeal to this audience are overt (you may be short of money, wanting to get fitter, looking for romance), while others (such as the ‘green’ aspects) remain covert. The presumed knowledge of London, creating an ‘in group’ and perhaps flattering the audience on its familiarity with the capital, is shown in the references (rather than introductions) to key places, which still would not exclude those with less knowledge. . • Verb mood: the interrogative in the heading ‘Fancy whizzing past …?’ sets up a conversational tone, continued later in ‘Fancy more of a challenge?’; the inviting imperatives (‘Take a look’, ‘Take a spin’, etc) carry on the friendly relationship between writer and reader, avoiding what could be a didactic tone in a guide • Range of sentence types and lengths stopping the pace from becoming monotonous: from simple sentences and incomplete ones (such as those starting ‘Fancy’ with the subject and auxiliary verb ellipted) to the five-clause sentence at the end of the last full paragraph. Generally the sentence lengths and types presume an audience used to reading fairly complex texts • Several uses of parenthesis (a fairly sophisticated construction), either to drop in a joke or to add extra information H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 12 There is a total of 20 marks available for Question 1. 10 marks can be awarded for part (a) and 10 marks for part (b). There is one mark per level for each AO. This table should be used twice – firstly to mark part (a) and allocate a mark out of 10, and then again to mark part (b) and allocate a mark out of 10. Parts (a) and (b) focus on different language levels, and therefore each part could achieve different language levels. Each part should be marked completely separately – there is no need to look for consistency in allocating marks if the responses demonstrate different levels of competency. Level AO1 and AO3 Mark 5 • Candidates clearly identify patterns of language use in precise relation to the linguistic level specified in the task and can closely analyse incisively chosen evidence, with application of appropriate terminology; the writing is in a secure academic register. (AO1) • With a precise hold on the language feature specified in the task, candidates perceptively evaluate the possible effect of contextual factors on the way language is produced in this text and is received and understood by its audience. (AO3) 9–10 4 • Candidates can single out and analyse relevant examples of language use related to the linguistic level specified in the task, with application of appropriate terminology and coherent written expression. (AO1) • Focusing on the language feature specified in the task, candidates can convincingly weigh up some possible effects of contextual factors on the way language is produced in this text and the way it is received and understood by its audience. (AO3) 7–8 3 • Candidates make some clear points about language use which relate to the specified language level and are supported with relevant evidence; use of terminology is mostly appropriate, although likely to be less densely packed than the level above and written expression is clear but likely not to be economical. (AO1) • Having a reasonable sense of the language feature specified, candidates come to some clear conclusions about the possible effect of contextual factors on the way language is produced in this text and is received by its audience. (AO3) 5–6 2 • Candidates attempt to make their writing relevant to the feature and language level specified in the task, pulling out the occasional piece of evidence and using terminology which is partially appropriate; written expression has some errors but the meaning is nonetheless apparent. (AO1) • Having some sense of the language feature specified, candidates come to some fairly loose conclusions about the possible effect of contextual factors on the way language is produced in this text and is received by its audience. (AO3) 3–4 1 • Candidates make some link to the specified feature and language level and some terms are used appropriately; evidence, if any, is likely to be barely relevant or only loosely defined (not actually quoted, for example) and writing may at times obscure meaning. (AO1) • Conclusions about the possible effect of contextual factors on the way language is produced and is received by the audience will be somewhat indistinct. There may be a vague sense of the text’s purpose. (AO3) 1–2 0 • No response or no response worthy of any credit. 0 H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 13 Indicative Content – Please note: indicative content indicates possible points candidates might make, but this is not an exhaustive account. Any valid response should be rewarded. Question Guidance Marks Text features 2 ‘Since regional accents can be a disadvantage in life, schools owe it to their pupils to encourage them to speak with Received Pronunciation’ Write a script for the presenter, or presenters, of a local radio show who will critically debate this statement. You should aim to engage a reasonably well-educated, non- specialist audience. Your script should be no more than 500 words. AO5 Candidates need to show that they have thought about and, at best, fully exploited the features of this genre. It is, of course, a script, so features of a transcript should not appear. An appropriately friendly tone should be used and a fairly informal register which avoids complex constructions, as this is designed for the ear, and uses straightforward lexis on the whole, while not avoiding some sophisticated vocabulary, considering the seriousness of the topic and the ‘reasonably well- educated’ nature of the audience. As ever, specialist linguistic language should be avoided as far as possible for the audience and contextualised and explained clearly if it is used. They also need to consider audience and should show that they have accommodated it (referring to the local accent would be an obvious way of doing this; features of the area could also be referenced). The synchronic nature of the show may be indicated by imaginative candidates (for example, by announcing that a phone-in will follow, incorporating one or two deictic references or suggesting what listeners may be doing at the 24 AO2 Most candidates will see that the statement is essentially prescriptive in its approach to the issue and therefore needs to be challenged. However, they should not dismiss the fact that speakers of regional accents often do meet with discrimination in certain areas of life. The best answers will explore the statement from a number of different angles, not losing sight of the fact that the role of schools is at the centre of it. To demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of this issue, candidates will show a good grasp of the historical prejudices in favour of RP as the ‘prestige’ accent, possibly linking this with power theory, and will suggest how these prejudices could be removed (through education or a continuation of some of the legal measures already in place, for example) so that regional accents are no longer a disadvantage. The best scripts may well mention more recent developments in terms of perceptions of accent, with a greater inclusion of regional accents in the media and many public figures now choosing to retain or even adopt regional accents, most notably MLE, in order to gain covert prestige. Candidates also need to show that they know the difference between accent and dialect, points about the latter, of course, being irrelevant here. H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 14 moment) and some may usefully set it up as one of an ongoing series always broadcast at this time, to add authenticity. In terms of grammar, mixing different verb moods and sentence lengths to create variety would work well and over-long sentences should not be used. Direct address is, of course, needed and there may also be some use of the inclusive pronoun (‘we Geordies …’) A successful handling of structure and discourse is essential in both showing that this genre is understood and exploiting its affordances to the full. The opening will in most cases be clearly marked, possibly with a jingle followed by a presenter’s voice introducing the show and putting it into context (‘Welcome back to …’). A local accent could be indicated in brackets but attempting to reproduce it through eye dialect or IPA would be inappropriate. It would fit the entertainment purpose of the script to use more than one voice and more successful pieces are likely to vary it further by, perhaps, introducing experts via short, pre-recorded sections. Lexical connectors would be expected throughout for clarity and to keep the piece cohesive. In order to do well, candidates will need to explore the given statement rather than taking one side, and the piece may follow a typical discourse structure such as setting up an argument (in this case, agreeing with the statement, perhaps) and then proceeding to challenge it. Alternating ‘for’ and ‘against’ points would be another option, as would handling different aspects of the issue (the role of education historically, stereotypes, the rise of the popularity of NME, etc) in turn. Examples and evidence in support of statements will make the script more authoritative and help it fulfil its informative purpose. Scripts with flair will manage to create a pleasingly cohesive piece not only by a consistency of style and tone but by features such as different types of referencing and extended metaphors. Some areas that could be covered: • Historical factors: reasons RP arose and then became accepted as the prestige accent (Rosina Lippo-Green’s ‘standard language ideology’) despite only 3% of the country being RP speakers; links with prescriptivism; role of educators in reinforcing RP as the ‘correct’ accent • Attitudes to accent: regional stereotypes; unconscious bias; assumptions about both RP and regional dialect speakers in terms of intelligence and ability to succeed in high-status professional jobs; how popular perception is, however, changing (e.g. some politicians’ cultivation of MLE, advantage to actors of having a regional accent); the power relationships and power shifts involved in all this • The accents of first and second generation immigrants bringing in a new layer; how comedy has both mocked them and subverted the mockery • Consideration of progressive moves that are already occurring: inclusion of more regional accents at the BBC; increased diversity in the workplace along with in-service training, especially of interviewers; a descriptive approach to accents taught in schools • An honest consideration of the disadvantages of regional accents, where comprehensibility is a problem, for instance, and the difficulties for teachers who want the best for their pupils and H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 15 know realistically that they may be disadvantaged in some areas by their regional accents • More positively, a look at how a regional accent may be an asset: sharing one with people you work for and with creates social bonding; some accents (however misguidedly) are seen as proof of sincerity, common sense or warmth H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 16 There is a total of 24 marks available for Question 2. Decide on a mark for AO2 out of 12, and then a separate mark for AO5 out of 12. Add the two marks together to reach a total out of 24 marks. It is possible that candidates may achieve different levels for each AO: allocate the mark according to the level of competency demonstrated for each AO individually. Level AO2 Mark AO5 Mark 6 • In their piece of writing, candidates show an assured knowledge and understanding of the specified concept and issue and its relevance to language use. • Candidates engage critically with the specified concept and issue. 11–12 • An expertly-constructed text showing, perhaps surprising, originality in making the piece appropriate to the form specified in the task. • The use of appropriately chosen linguistic features shows flair and the writing precisely suits the audience defined in the task. 11–12 5 • In their piece of writing, candidates show a good knowledge and understanding of the specified concept and issue and its relevance to language use. • In their piece, candidates show that they can take a critical angle on the specified concept and issue. 9–10 • A well-constructed text, which is appropriate to the form specified in the task. • The use of appropriately chosen linguistic features shows skill and their writing suits the audience defined in the task. 9–10 4 • In their piece of writing, candidates show an essentially sound level of knowledge and understanding of the specified concept and issue and its relevance to language use. • Candidates show that they have some ability to think and write critically about the concept/issue. 7–8 • A deliberately constructed text, which contains most of the main elements of the form specified in the task. • There is clear use of appropriate linguistic features and the writing has been modulated to take account of the audience defined in the task. 7–8 3 • Their knowledge and understanding of the chosen language concept or issue is mostly accurate, although is likely to lack the depth needed to be convincing. • In their piece of writing, candidates have addressed the specified concept/issue, although not critically. 5–6 • A text which is attempting to match the task’s purpose and which is at least recognisable as an example of the form specified in the task. • There are some appropriate language features employed and some attempts have been made to take account of the audience defined in the task. 5–6 2 • Candidates’ knowledge and understanding of the concept/issue is likely to have inaccuracies or be muddled. • The language concept/issue is present in the piece although somewhat indistinct or confused. 3–4 • A text which has some sense of the form specified in the task, but which leaves out key elements. • There are some attempts to use appropriate language features, although probably not employing a register which suits the audience defined in the task. 3–4 1 • Candidates do not appear to understand the concept or issue but it is possible to see one or two points relating to it. 1–2 • Candidates produce writing which has little sense of the specified task, although there may be one or two superficial features of the form specified in the task. 1–2 H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 17 • The language concept or issue will be just barely detectable in the piece. • One or two appropriate language features may be present; the audience is not understood or addressed. 0 • No response or no response worthy of any credit. 0 • No response or no response worthy of any credit. 0 H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 18 Indicative Content – Please note: indicative content indicates possible points candidates might make, but this is not an exhaustive account. Any valid response should be rewarded. Question Guidance Mark Text features 3 Using appropriate linguistic concepts and methods, analyse the ways in which language is used in these two texts. In your answer you should: • explore connections and differences between the texts • consider how contextual factors contribute to the construction of meaning AO4 Both texts centre on the then most recent series of Doctor Who featuring the first female doctor, and both are positive about it. While Text B is in the spoken mode and Text C written, they are similar in that 36 Phonetics, phonology and prosodics Text B Text C • There are many features typical of unscripted speech in JW’s and CC’s responses: incomplete utterances (‘if I’ve not heard how the other actors or seen…’) , redundant repetitions and non-fluent pausing (‘and (1) a (.) a curiosity’, non-verbal fillers (‘uh’ several times) • The false starts in AG’s third question (‘what is (2) how would you (1) what elements’) may suggest to some candidates that he is using notes rather than a script • Some may notice a feature of JW’s (Northern) accent in her substitution of /n/ for /ŋ/ at the end of ‘havin’’ and ‘somethin’’ • As an American, AG would be expected to use the elision ‘gonna’, although this has really crossed the Atlantic and, in fact, JW uses it later on • As we would expect of an article in the fairly formal Radio Times, Standard English is used • MB’s ‘marvellous to meh’, however, as well as using alliteration employs what is really the representation of a dismissive sound, adding humour • There are also features typical of spoken language, including interrogatives, direct address and contractions H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 19 each text involves three main participants. Most candidates will comment on the controlled nature of the crafted Text C and the more unpredictable nature of the largely spontaneous Text B. Each text has a slight element of the other mode: in Text B, AG is clearly reading a quotation aloud at one point (‘with a kind of open heartedness’), briefly making the interview sound more formal, while Text C’s contractions and use of personal pronouns give the impression of spoken language. Both texts feature some very sophisticated lexis, despite Text B being mainly unscripted and Text C being for a wide audience. AO3 Both texts share the primary purpose of entertaining and the secondary purpose of informing, the producers of both having the main aim of creating and maintaining a loyal market for their show and publication respectively. There are many ways in which these purposes are achieved for Lexis and semantics Text B Text C • Although the interview is fairly informal, the register is mixed. We might expect AG, who has at least part-scripted his questions, to use some sophisticated lexis, but the interviewees also do, ‘incarnation’, ‘mercurial’ and ‘potentially’ being a few examples, all Latinate. There is plenty of high frequency, Anglo- Saxon lexis to establish the chatty tone, though (‘strip it back’) as well as JW’s informal ‘yeah’ • There is field-specific language, both of the medium in question (‘scene’, ‘episode’, ‘spoiler’) and of ‘Doctor Who’(‘regeneration’, ‘monsters’), which is natural and has an inclusive effect • As in Text B, mixed register is employed, ranging from the colloquial verb phrases ‘shaping up’ and ‘Check out’ and the clipping ‘vibe’ to the low frequency modifiers ‘frenetic’ and ‘androgynous’, abstract noun ‘mythos’ and French borrowings ‘ensemble’, ‘tour de force’ and ‘panache’. • Again, there is field-specific lexis of both the medium (‘TV show’, ‘episode’, ‘role’) and of ‘Doctor Who’ (names of previous actors, ‘Desolation’ and ‘Tardis’ – though the last is a widely familiar cultural reference, of course • As this text has been prepared, its writers have been able to include a range of figurative expressions: the ‘half-term report’ in the heading and metaphors like H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 20 candidates to comment on, one being the employment of more humour by Text B. The audiences of both are likely to comprise fans of Doctor Who, although there may be some who simply watch the Build series every week or (in the case of the original paper version of Text C) read their way through the Radio Times every week. The experience of watching Text B will be very different for the primary, synchronous audience and the audience watching the show later, who will not have the excitement of being present; however, in terms of how interactive the texts are, the studio audience of Text B is limited to applauding and laughing. The Text C audience is explicitly invited to comment on the article on media platforms. • There is a little figurative language, such as ‘fizzing with energy’, but not much as the speech is largely spontaneous • Metonymy of ‘the red carpet’ for, presumably, the Bafta Awards ceremony ‘whirlwind of likeability and energy’, ‘keep … plates spinning’, ‘painted’. Grammar and syntax Text B Text C • Pronoun use, considering the fact JW is the first female Doctor – gendered pronouns are avoided, with AG, having mentioned the Doctor, then using the lexical substitution ‘a character’ rather than the more obvious anaphoric ‘s/he’, and JW employing the passive form ‘the challenges faced’; AG does then speak of ‘her past regenerations’ but this is appropriate as he is speaking of the current Doctor rather than the Doctor as a generic character • Some candidates may comment on JW’s dialectal ‘if I’ve not heard’ • AG’s American English dialect, likewise, is seen in his ‘real quick’ • Typically of unscripted spoken language, a long series of clauses tends to be strung together with conjunctions such as ‘but’ and ‘if’ (JW’s longest speech, which is, strictly speaking, only two sentences, being a prime example) • JW’s apparent false start in ‘I would say (2) I can’t limit it’ • The feminine pronoun is used this time as the focus is on Jodie Whittaker rather than the Doctor as a generic character; 'we' is employed by the initial writer, and some may notice that this shifts from being used inclusively (‘we must be getting a pretty good idea’) to non-inclusively (‘we took the opportunity to canvas’) • The critics keep to the third person, although Mark Braxton can’t resist a reference to ‘my wife and kids’, adding a more personal note • Just one simple sentence (‘Even the Tardis…’) • Use of elliptical dots, dashes and comments in parenthesis (all three writers use brackets) • Flora Carr creates the humorous compound ‘gnasher-faced’ and the more serious ‘Suffragette inspired’ Discourse Text B Text C H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 21 • As this is the opening of an interview, a question-answer structure underpins the whole text, although the turn-taking is slightly disrupted at times; after a typical introduction, in which AG expresses his pleasure in interviewing these guests, and one adjacency pair CC breaks the pattern by commenting ‘ok she’s done it all’ before giving his own answer, and her comment then carries this on, as it is clearly directed at him rather than AG • AG steers the conversation back onto its tracks, both after JW’s tag question to CC, and after her later interruption (‘you really aren’t’) • Opens with a heading and a standfirst using synthetic personalisation (‘may surprise you’) and elliptical dots • Each of the three main sections follows a similar pattern, opening with a sum-up of the writer’s overall opinion and ending with a clear signal that the writer has finished: the first uses a colon, the second employs the adverbial ‘above all’ and the third makes a summative comment after a dash • Response mechanisms are given at the end in the italicised sentences directed at the audience H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 22 There is a total of 36 marks available for Question 3. Decide on a mark for AO1 out of 12, and then a separate mark for AO3 out of 12, and a separate mark for AO4 out of 12. Add the three marks together to reach a total out of 36 marks. It is possible that candidates may achieve different levels for each AO: allocate the mark according to the level of competency demonstrated for each AO individually. Level AO1 Mark AO3 Mark AO4 Mark 6 • Candidates apply a range of appropriate methods in an assured and systematic way, using appropriate terminology and writing in a secure academic register. • They deftly establish and explore patterns of language use and can closely analyse incisively chosen evidence. 11–12 • Candidates make discerning points about the possible effect of contextual factors on particular features of language, both in terms of production and reception. • They perceptively evaluate their points, suggesting alternatives for how context might account for variations in language use. 11–12 • Candidates selectively and methodically apply confident knowledge of appropriate linguistic concepts across both texts. • Candidates compare particular linguistic features in the two texts, making illuminating connections between them which clearly establish some of the varied ways that language is used. 11–12 5 • Candidates apply a range of appropriate methods to the texts in a systematic way, using appropriate terminology and coherent written expression. • They establish patterns of language use and can analyse well-chosen evidence in some depth. 9–10 • Candidates make strong and helpful points about relevant contextual factors, showing how context might affect language use, both in terms of production and reception. • They show that they can weigh up how contextual factors might account for variations in language use. 9–10 • Candidates methodically apply sound knowledge of appropriate linguistic concepts across both texts. • Candidates compare linguistic features in the two texts, making helpful connections between them which show some of the ways that language varies. 9–10 4 • Candidates apply some appropriate methods in a sound way, using mostly appropriate terminology and coherent if uneconomical writing. • Analysis is characterised by either a fairly limited number of 7–8 • Candidates make some valid points about context, showing how contextual factors can affect language production and reception. • They come to some sound conclusions about how 7–8 • Candidates apply accurate knowledge of linguistic concepts to language features in a way that is mostly appropriate, across both texts. 7–8 H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 23 well-developed points, with relevant evidence, or a larger number of valid supported points that lack depth. contextual factors could cause variations in language. • They make some comparisons of linguistic features in the two texts, making some connections between them which show ways in which language use varies. 3 • Candidates attempt to apply linguistic methods with some success, and terminology is at times appropriate; written expression contains some errors. • Analysis is uneven and is characterised by either scattered points that are supported with evidence or points which may have validity but are unsupported. 5–6 • Candidates make a few successful attempts at showing how basic contextual factors affect the way language is produced and received. • Conclusions drawn tend to be assertive and simplistic rather than weighed in the balance and are sometimes unconvincing; there may be an elementary sense of how context affects language variation. 5–6 • Candidates have a loose grasp of linguistic concepts and attempt to apply them to both texts, although sometimes unconvincingly. • They will make more general connections and will attempt to compare particular features but with only partial success. 5–6 2 • Candidates make a vague attempt to apply linguistic methods to the texts and some terms are used, with occasional appropriateness; writing is likely to contain errors which sometimes obscures meaning. • One or two simple points are made, with little or tenuous evidence; assertive rather than analytical. 3–4 • Candidates can comment on context, although this is unlikely to show proper grasp of production and reception and so is of very limited use. • Evaluation of points is not happening in this level because there is no real exploration of language, but there may be one or two generalisations made about the effects of context on the language. 3–4 • Where linguistic concepts are in evidence for each text, understanding is shallow and knowledge of them is likely to be muddled. • Some loose connections between the texts are established in one or two places in the answer. These connections are likely to be simple matching and contrasting of features with very little demonstration of how language varies. 3–4 1 • Candidates struggle to apply the linguistic methods; terminology, if 1–2 • One or at the most two references are made to the 1–2 • Any knowledge of linguistic concepts is likely to be 1–2 H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 24 present, is inappropriate and accuracy of written expression is very limited. • There may be the odd point made but there is no analysis with evidence. context with no link to language production or reception. • Little or no attempt to draw conclusions about the effect of context on different uses of language. mostly inaccurate with perhaps a very vague sense of understanding both texts being present. • The notion of comparison is essentially lost in this level. There may be one or two connections here and there but these do not help with notions of the varieties of language use. 0 • No response or no response worthy of any credit. 0 • No response or no response worthy of any credit. 0 • No response or no response worthy of any credit. 0 H470/01 Mark Scheme June 2023 25 APPENDIX 1 Assessment Objective weightings are given as percentages. Assessment Objectives Grid Question AO1% AO2% AO3% AO4% AO5% Total% 1 5 0 5 0 0 10 2 0 6 0 0 6 12 3 6 0 6 6 0 18 Totals 11% 6% 11% 6% 6% 40% Need to get in touch? If you ever have any questions about OCR qualifications or services (including administration, logistics and teaching) please feel free to get in touch with our customer support centre. 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