6 2 (a) Explain one effect on key resources, such as oil, from rising middle‑class consumption in emerging superpowers. (4) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Turn over (b) Assess the role of TNCs in developing the economic importance of superpowers. (12) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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(Total for Question 2 = 16 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 32 MARKS 9 Turn over SECTION B: SHAPING PLACES Answer ONE question in this section – EITHER Question 3 OR Question 4. Indicate which question you are answering by marking a cross in the box . If you change your mind, put a line through the box and then indicate your new question with a cross . If you answer Question 3 put a cross in this box . Regenerating Places You must use the Resource Booklet provided. 3 (a) Study Figure 3 in the Resource Booklet. (i) Suggest one reason why the unemployment rates for Hartlepool have varied. (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 (ii) Suggest possible reasons why Hartlepool’s unemployment rates are likely to remain higher than those of England. (6) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Turn over (b) Explain how international and global influences have shaped the social characteristics of your local place. (6) Name of local place: ............................................................................................................................ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 (c) Evaluate the view that successful regeneration always relies on changing the perceptions of an area. (20) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Turn over 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Turn over .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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(Total for Question 3 = 35 marks) 16 Do not answer Question 4 if you have answered Question 3 If you answer Question 4 put a cross in this box . Diverse Places You must use the Resource Booklet provided. 4 Study Figures 4a and 4b in the Resource Booklet. (a) (i) Suggest one reason why the population structures of Newcastle‑upon‑Tyne and Northumberland differ. (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Turn over (ii) Suggest reasons for the different levels of cultural diversity between Newcastle‑upon‑Tyne and Northumberland. (6) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 (b) Explain how regional and national influences have shaped the demographic characteristics of your local place. (6) Name of local place: ............................................................................................................................ .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Turn over (c) Evaluate why stakeholders in diverse communities use different criteria for measuring the success of managing change. (20) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Turn over .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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(Total for Question 4 = 35 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 35 MARKS 23 Turn over SECTION C: GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AND CONNECTIONS Answer ONE question in this section – EITHER Question 5 OR Question 6. Indicate which question you are answering by marking a cross in the box . If you change your mind, put a line through the box and then indicate your new question with a cross . If you answer Question 5 put a cross in this box . Health, Human Rights and Intervention You must use the Resource Booklet provided. 5 (a) Explain how the Geneva Convention attempts to protect human rights. (4) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Study Figure 5 in the Resource Booklet. (b) Explain why some regions have experienced more rapid rates of increase in life expectancy than others. (6) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Turn over (c) Explain why some International Governmental Organisations (IGOs) have promoted neo‑liberal market and trade policies for economic development. (8) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Turn over (d) Evaluate the extent to which military interventions are effective in reducing human rights abuses. (20) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Turn over .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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(Total for Question 5 = 38 marks) 31 Turn over Do not answer Question 6 if you have answered Question 5. If you answer Question 6 put a cross in this box . Migration, Identity and Sovereignty You must use the Resource Booklet provided. 6 (a) Explain why the emergence of new nation states is often accompanied by conflict. (4) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Study Figure 6 in the Resource Booklet. (b) Suggest reasons for the differences in the numbers of foreign-born population (international migrants) in the countries shown. (6) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 33 Turn over (c) Explain why the opinions of governments and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) about the growth of tax havens may differ. (8) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 (d) Evaluate the extent to which the rise of nationalism can prevent globalisation. (20) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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Turn over 36 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 37 Turn over .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38 .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 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(Total for Question 6 = 38 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION C = 38 MARKS TOTAL FOR PAPER = 105 MARKS 39 BLANK PAGE 40 BLANK PAGE *P62635A* P62635A ©2020 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/e2 Turn over Resource Booklet Do not return this Resource Booklet with the question paper. Geography Advanced Paper 2 Paper Reference 9GE0/02 Afternoon (Time: 2 hours 15 minutes) Thursday 4 June 2020 Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE 2 P62635A BLANK PAGE 3 P62635A Turn over SECTION B The following resource relates to Question 3(a). 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2010 2017 2018 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Key: Hartlepool England Aged 16–64 years, percentage (%) unemployed Figure 3 Changes in unemployment rates in Hartlepool (urban area in north-east England) and England between 2004 and 2018 4 P62635A The following resources relate to Question 4(a). Newcastle-upon-Tyne (a university city) 90+ 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 age male female male female 1.5 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 1 1.5 1.5 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 1 1.5 percentage of population in age band age percentage of population in age band 90+ 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Northumberland (a largely rural county) Non-UK born in Newcastle-upon-Tyne 17% 3% Non-UK born in Northumberland Figure 4a Population pyramid and non-UK born data for Newcastle-upon-Tyne, North East England Figure 4b Population pyramid and non-UK born data for Northumberland, North East England 5 P62635A Turn over SECTION C The following resource relates to Question 5(b). 1960 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 North America Europe and Central Asia East Asia and Pacific South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Mean life expectancy at birth (years) Region % Increase between 1960 and 2015 North America 13 Europe and Central Asia 15 East Asia and Pacific 56 South Asia 57 Sub-Saharan Africa 50 Figure 5 Mean life expectancy at birth for selected world regions from 1960 to 2015 6 P62635A The following resource relates to Question 6(b). 0 10 20 30 40 50 Spain Australia France Canada United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Russia Germany United States of America Foreign-born population (millions) Total population in millions, including foreign-born 46 24 67 36 9 65 32 141 82 321 Figure 6 Foreign-born population (international migrants) by destination country, 2018 7 P62635A BLANK PAGE 8 P62635A BLANK PAGE Pearson Education Ltd. gratefully acknowledges all following sources used in preparation of this paper: Figure 3 (Source: http://www.teesjsna.org.uk/employment) Figure 4a (Source: Open Government Licence v3.0) Figure 4b (Source : © Crown copyright) Figure 5 (Source : © 2019 The World Bank Group) Figure 6 (Source: © United Nations)