25 Turn over 6 Study Figure 9 in the Resource Booklet. A group of students travelled by minibus along the route shown in Haringey, north London and used secondary data on multiple deprivation to support their fieldwork. (a) (i) Describe the change in level of multiple deprivation along the transect. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (ii) State one advantage and one disadvantage of displaying data using a choropleth map, as shown in Figure 9. (2) Advantage: .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Disadvantage: .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... The students carried out a Personal Safety Survey (PSS) in the 16 LSOAs along the route. The lower the number out of the total 20, the less safe they felt. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was chosen to test the statistical relationship between PSS scores and IMD. (iii) State a suitable null hypothesis the students could use to test the relationship between multiple deprivation and personal safety. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26 Their partially-completed table to calculate the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is shown in Figure 10. (iv) Complete the missing data in Figure 10 below. (2) Level of IMD (1 = most deprived) Rank of IMD PSS score (0–20) 0 = lowest level of safety Rank of PSS Difference in ranks (D) Difference in ranks squared (D2) Start of transect 22 836 4 18 1 3 9 23 199 3 15 2.5 0.5 0.25 15 313 6 12 4.5 1.5 2.25 28 984 1 11 6 −5 25 24 357 2 15 2.5 0.5 0.25 17 745 5 10 7 −2 4 6 207 11 8 10 1 1 10 692 8 12 4.5 3.5 12.25 8 427 10 8 10 0 0 4 957 13 5 15.5 −2.5 6.25 5 764 12 7 0.25 11 630 7 9 8 −1 1 10 293 9 8 10 −1 1 1 939 15 5 15.5 0.5 0.25 3 519 14 7 12.5 1.5 2.25 Finish of transect 1 592 16 6 14 2 4 ∑ = 69 Figure 10 27 Turn over The students used the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient formula to calculate R and their result was 0.892. They used a critical values table, shown in Figure 11, to decide if they should accept or reject their null hypothesis. Significance levels Number of pairs of data (n) 0.05 or 95% 0.01 or 99% 10 0.648 0.818 11 0.623 0.794 12 0.591 0.78 13 0.566 0.745 14 0.545 0.716 15 0.525 0.689 16 0.507 0.666 17 0.49 0.645 18 0.476 0.625 19 0.462 0.608 20 0.45 0.591 Figure 11 Table of critical values for Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (R) (v) Explain why they should accept or reject the null hypothesis. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 (b) You have also carried out fieldwork into Diverse Places. Assess the accuracy and reliability of the methods used to collect primary data for your own enquiry. 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(Total for Question 6 = 18 marks)