30 Use your knowledge and understanding from across the course of study along with the information in Figure 7 to answer this question. 7 Study Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the extent to which west Cornwall could be described as a rural idyll. 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(Total for Question 7 = 16 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION C = 62 MARKS TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS Resource Booklet Do not return this Resource Booklet with the question paper. Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE *P56586A* Turn over Tuesday 21 May 2019 Morning (Time: 1 hour 45 minutes) Paper Reference 8GE0/02 Geography Advanced Subsidiary Paper 2: Dynamic Places P56586A ©2019 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1 2 P56586A SECTION A The following resources relate to Question 1. Figure 1a A transnational corporation (TNC) food outlet in Bangkok, Thailand Year 2000 2015 2020 (projected) Number of food outlets 1 97 215 Figure 1b Pizza Hut food outlets in Thailand, 2000 projected to 2020 3 Turn over P56586A SECTION B The following resources relate to Question 2. Age group 18–19 % Voted % Did not vote 57 43 20–24 59 41 25–29 64 36 30–39 61 39 40–49 66 34 50–59 71 29 60–69 77 23 70+ 84 16 Average 69 31 Figure 2a Voting behaviour by age group (as sampled after the 2017 general election by Yougov) 4 P56586A Population % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Voted Did not vote Low (GCSE or below) Educational level Medium (A level) High (Degree or above) Figure 2b Voting behaviour by educational level (as sampled after the 2017 general election by Yougov) 5 Turn over P56586A The following resource relates to Question 3. Central London East London Prices shown are within 1 km of each underground station Key K = thousand M = million Oxford Circus £1.8M Holborn £1M Tottenham Court Road £1.8M Stratford £340K Mile End £402K Bethnal Green £470K St Paul's £1.1M Liverpool Street £741K Bank £782K Chancery Lane £1.2M Figure 3 Average house prices along a London Underground train line, 2017 6 P56586A The following resources relate to Question 4. Information about Brighton, a city on the south coast of England • The population was 273,400 people in 2017 and is expected to grow by another 5% by 2021. • Named as 4th best place in the UK to start a business in 2017 with large employers such as American Express and Lloyds Bank already attracted. • 9 million tourists visit every year and it is the UK’s top seaside destination for overseas visitors. • The LGBT Pride Festival brings thousands of visitors from all over the world who spent over £18m in 2017. • 65% of players in Brighton and Hove Albion Football Club are foreign born. • Two universities – Sussex and Brighton have 34,000 students in total. • Index of Multiple Deprivation scores show some improvement between 2010 and 2015. However 55 of Brighton’s 165 LSOAs (Lower Super Output Area) still have the highest levels of deprivation in England. Figure 4a Brighton fact file Transport network Timing details Comment Gatwick International airport 30 minutes by train Wide range of internal and international flights available Motorway access 20 minutes to A23, then M23 links to M25 Heavily congested at times Trains to London About 1 hour Frequent delays and overcrowding Figure 4b Brighton’s UK and international transport links 7 Turn over P56586A 1999 2005 2017 Brighton £78,000 £142,000 £335,000 UK £67,000 £152,000 £210,000 Figure 4c Prices for a two bedroom house in Brighton and UK i360 viewing tower (opened 2016) Homelessness in Brighton Figure 4d Contrasting images of Brighton 8 P56586A SECTION C The following resources relate to Question 5. Population % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Manchester UK 65 and above Age group (years) 15–64 0–14 Figure 5a Population structure in Manchester and UK, 2016 (from a survey by the Office of National Statistics) 9 Turn over P56586A 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% UK AVERAGE Edinburgh Oxford Derry City Manchester URBAN Cotswold Orkney Islands Fermanagh and Omagh Craven RURAL Anxiety levels % High Anxiety levels % Medium/Low 20 21 22 22 34 35 35 35 29 80 79 78 78 66 65 65 65 71 Figure 5b Residents’ perceptions of place, measured by anxiety levels, 2016 (from a survey by the Office of National Statistics) 10 P56586A The following resource relates to Question 6. Central London East London Numbers refer to people living within 1 km of the underground station Oxford Circus 82 Holborn 85 Tottenham Court Road 84 Stratford 80 Mile End 81 Bethnal Green 78 St Paul's 87 Liverpool Street 87 Bank 87 Chancery Lane 85 Figure 6 Average life expectancy in years along a London Underground train line, 2017 11 Turn over P56586A The following resources relate to Question 7. Information about west Cornwall, south-west UK • West Cornwall is seen by some as an ‘idyll’, an idealised place of tranquillity, including natural landscapes, with both historic and cultural associations. • Tin and copper mining were important in the past but are now uneconomic compared to overseas production. However this heritage is now celebrated through media representations e.g. the ‘Poldark’ television series. • Tourism provides over 24% of jobs in west Cornwall, although many are seasonal and low paid, with a further 12% working in food related businesses. • Population in west Cornwall is approximately 75,000 and is increasing. Large numbers of affluent older people retire here whilst long term residents experience high levels of deprivation linked to low salaries and pensions, and declining social services. • The trend of long term out-migration of young people is beginning to reverse. • Numbers of EU migrants to west Cornwall doubled from 2001 to 2011. • Cornwall has received £1bn EU funding since 1999 as it is recognised as a socially deprived area. Money has been spent on reducing isolation by improving roads and broadband speeds. Figure 7a West Cornwall fact file Average salary £ UK 32 581 Cornwall 28 678 St Ives (west Cornwall) 23 201 Figure 7b Average salaries for jobs in 2017 UK 7.6 times average salary West Cornwall 9.0 times average salary Figure 7c House price affordability in 2017 12 P56586A Single parent Airbnb flat London resident’s second home Unemployed fisherman Elderly couple reliant on care in the community St Ives Art students’ house (multi-occupancy) Penberth Cove, Cornwall Popular with surfers and tourists but where a few local fishermen still make a living. Figure 7d Contrasting views of west Cornwall 13 P56586A BLANK PAGE 14 P56586A BLANK PAGE 15 P56586A BLANK PAGE 16 P56586A BLANK PAGE Fig. 1a: © Jeff Greenberg 6 of 6 / Alamy Stock Photo Fig. 2a: Sourced from: https://yougov.co.uk/news/2017/06/13/how-britain-voted-2017-general-election/ Fig. 4d left image: © mauritius images GmbH / Alamy Stock Photo Fig. 7d bottom image: © Kevin Britland / Alamy Stock Photo