12 3 (a) Study Figure 3a below. A group of students used secondary data about cirque/corrie orientation in Snowdonia, North Wales, as part of an investigation about ice flow direction. N S E W Orientation 0°–89° Orientation 90°–179° Orientation 180°–269° Orientation 270°–360° Number of cirques/corries 24 6 5 13 Figure 3a (i) State one reason for studying cirque/corrie orientation. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Turn over 13 Study Figure 3b below The students carried out a Chi2 test to determine if there was any pattern in the distribution of corrie orientation. The formula for Chi2 (X 2) is: N S E W Orientation 0°–89° Orientation 90°–179° Orientation 180°–269° Orientation 270°–360° Observed (O) 24 6 5 13 Expected (E) 12 12 12 12 (O − E)² 144 36 1 (O − E)²/E 12 3 4.1 0.08 Figure 3b (ii) Complete the table above by calculating the missing number in the Orientation 180° – 269° column. (1) (iii) Calculate the value of Chi2 (X 2) from the data given. (1) Chi2 (X 2) = ............................... 14 (iv) Suggest one reason for carrying out a Chi2 (X 2) test on this data set. 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(v) Explain two primary fieldwork methods that might have been used to extend this investigation on ice flow direction. 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Turn over 15 (b) You have carried out primary fieldwork to investigate glacial landscapes and change. Assess how the sampling procedures and sample size affected your results. 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(Total for Question 3 = 18 marks) Turn over 17 Use your knowledge and understanding from across the course of study, along with the information in Figure 4, to answer this question. 4 Study Figure 4a and Figure 4b in the Resource Booklet. The Swiss Alps glaciated landscape faces many threats. Evaluate the effectiveness of the management strategies shown. 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(Total for Question 4 = 16 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION B = 62 MARKS 20 SECTION C: COASTAL LANDSCAPES AND CHANGE Do not answer Section C (Coastal Landscapes and Change) if you have answered Section B (Glaciated Landscapes and Change). Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross . If you answer Section C put a cross in the box . You must use the Resource Booklet provided. 5 (a) Identify the factor which affects the direction of coastal sediment movement. (1) A Wave type B Longshore drift C Sediment cell D Sediment shape (b) Complete A and B in Figure 5a below. (2) River Eroding sea cliffs Rip current Offshore ridge Key: = A ....................................................................................................................................... = B ........................................................................................................................................ = Sediment sink Figure 5a Coastal sediment system Turn over 21 Study Figure 5b in the Resource Booklet. (c) Suggest one reason for the cliff collapse. 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(d) Explain two processes of weathering on a coastline. 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Turn over 23 (f) Assess the importance of longer term sea-level change in explaining the risks at different coastlines. 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(Total for Question 5 = 28 marks)