26 Use your knowledge and understanding from across the course of study along with the information in Figure 7 to answer this question. 7 Study Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d in the Resource Booklet. Rhyl faces many challenges. Evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies shown in meeting these. 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(Total for Question 7 = 16 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION C = 62 MARKS TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS Paper Reference Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE Do not return this Resource Booklet with the question paper. Thursday 24 May 2018 – Morning Resource Booklet 8GE0/02 Geography Advanced Subsidiary Paper 2: Dynamic Places P52283A ©2018 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1 *P52283A* Turn over 2 P52283A SECTION A The following resources relate to Question 1. 0-250 251-500 501-1000 Over 1000 US$ billion Figure 1a Volume of total trade in goods for each country in 2014 3 Turn over P52283A 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1995 2004 2014 US$ billion Year Japan China Germany United States Key (Source: © World Trade Organization 2017) Figure 1b World’s top exporters of goods 1995-2014 4 P52283A SECTION B The following resource relates to Question 2. New runway M4 M25 Harmondsworth Sipson Longford 0 0.25 0.5 1km N Proposed airport expansion line Current airport Farmland Village New M25 tunnel 0.75 (Source: © Crown copyright) Figure 2 Proposed expansion at Heathrow Airport 5 Turn over P52283A The following resource relates to Question 3. Figure 3 Ordnance Survey map showing Chapeltown, near Sheffield, UK 6 P52283A The following resources relate to Question 4. Information about Swansea, south Wales • Swansea was important for metal processing and exporting local coal until the mid- 20th century • Much industry declined due to competition from abroad, leaving contaminated land and water • Parts of the area have been redeveloped but other parts are still environmentally damaged • A range of strategies are under consideration by the local council to help improve the environment, although these are dependent on European Union (EU) grant funding Figure 4a Industrial change in Swansea Population has been growing since 2002. Swansea's population in 2016 was 242,000 About 1,000 people have arrived per year from outside the city 289 brownfield sites are still contaminated by past industry These require considerable expenditure to remove toxic compounds, which are still polluting the River Tawe Air quality is decreasing There has been a 13% growth in car ownership since 2001 Parts of the coastline remain heavily polluted Old industrial sites are still discharging contaminated water into Swansea Bay Recent growth in business and population This results in traffic congestion, air pollution and a shortage of housing Figure 4b Challenges faced by Swansea 7 Turn over P52283A (Source: © Trinity Mirror / Mirrorpix / Alamy Stock Photo) (Source: © Commission Air / Alamy Stock Photo) Figure 4c Derelict factory site in 1960 and Meridian Tower waterfront development in 2008 Park and ride • There are 2 park and ride routes in Swansea • A third route had to close in 2016 as it was losing £250,000 per year Dawnus, a Welsh construction TNC has signed up to “WRAP” (Waste and Resource Action Plan) • Dawnus has committed to halving its waste to landfill • For example, waste concrete is now used in road building • Other companies are being encouraged to join too City Council and not-for-profit groups are working to improve the image of the city and coastline • Now there are 4 “Blue Flag” beaches in the Swansea area and marine sports facilities • Total contribution of tourism to the economy rose to £400m in 2015, when 4.56m people visited Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon Project • Projected cost £1.3bn • It will generate renewable energy for 150,000 homes from tidal power • Hopes to attract tourists to city to see the project Figure 4d Some strategies used and planned to manage environmental challenges in Swansea 8 P52283A SECTION C The following resource relates to Question 5. Ovalhouse arts and cultural facility Existing housing Three-storey townhouses Tree Proposed development Five-storey apartments Railway Key N Communal gardens 0 50 100m • Site currently includes a temporary school, council depot, warehouses and a thriving community centre. The community in the area surrounding the development includes long-term residents and recent arrivals. • The development proposes 304 new dwellings (50% affordable housing), a community theatre and retail outlets. Figure 5 Somerleyton Road development, Brixton, inner city London 9 Turn over P52283A The following resource relates to Question 6. Figure 6 Ordnance Survey map showing Chapeltown, near Sheffield, UK 10 P52283A The following resources relate to Question 7. Information about Rhyl, north Wales • Rhyl was a popular seaside resort from Victorian times, helped by railway links to Manchester and Liverpool • The pier, Ocean Beach Funfair and Suncentre (leisure centre and pool) have all closed since the 1970s • Visitor numbers have declined as tourists choose low-cost destinations abroad • Rhyl struggles with numerous problems linked to long-lasting poverty Figure 7a Deprivation in Rhyl Rhyl’s popuation is falling 25,149 in 2011 Rhyl had the highest crime rate in Wales in 2014 In 2014 there were 471 crimes per 1000 people (including antisocial behaviour: 199, violent crimes: 78) Large numbers of people have only basic skills and no qualifications Unemployment is 67% in parts of Rhyl Education: most 11-16 year olds attend Rhyl High School The school was placed in “Special Measures” (worst level) in 2008 but in 2014 was rated “Good” (second highest) Disproportionate number of elderly people in the town Some parts of the town have above average numbers of people aged over 65 Figure 7b Challenges faced by Rhyl 11 Turn over P52283A 1 1 1 61 5 666 1379 3 1 Rank for West Rhyl Key Employment Income Health Education Housing Environment Services Safety MOST DEPRIVED LEAST DEPRIVED Ranked 2nd most deprived area of Wales out of 1909 neighbourhoods Figure 7c Overall deprivation from Welsh Index for West Rhyl 12 P52283A The council has a vision to find “realistic and achievable” actions by 2020 Denbighshire Families First is run by the local council as a support network for local people Rhyl Food Bank run by a local church with donations from the community Superfast broadband to be installed in “hard to reach” locations, funded by £80m from the European Union (EU), Welsh and UK Governments • Improve housing , the railway station and hospital • Restructure the economy with new jobs in the harbour and new attractions • Improve the town centre to encourage more visitors • Encourage a sense of pride locally and the reputation of Rhyl in the wider area • Teaches parenting skills, to help families manage a child’s/young person’s behaviour • Offers support for relationship problems or family conflict • Offers advice for families and young people aged 11-25 • Users are given emergency food parcels and advice on healthy eating • Rhyl Food Bank offers “a hand up not a hand out” • 614,000 homes and businesses have already been connected • Another 100,000 should be connected in 2017 Figure 7d Some strategies used and planned to manage social challenges in Rhyl Pearson Education Ltd. gratefully acknowledges all following sources used in preparation of this paper: Figure 5 - Source from: http://www.brixtonbuzz.com/2014/01/future-brixton-somerleyton-road-meeting- discusses-the-redevelopment-finances/ Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in future editions.