12 P52282A 1. Turakirae Head raised beach and fossil cliff • Successive earthquakes have caused sudden uplift of the beach level (e.g. 2.5 metres in 1855). • Mass movement processes have left ridges of large boulders. 2. Cook Strait • Mainly steep cliffs are battered by the Roaring Forties with a fetch of over 2,000km producing wave heights frequently over 5m and tidal flows approximately every 6-8 hours. • Erosional processes have eroded cliffs on average 1-2 metres/year. 3. Punakaiki Rocks • Less jointed limestone forms stacks, raised up by tectonic processes. Figure 7d Distinctive landscapes along New Zealand’s coastline 13 P52282A BLANK PAGE 14 P52282A BLANK PAGE 15 P52282A BLANK PAGE 16 P52282A Pearson Education Ltd. gratefully acknowledges all following sources used in preparation of this paper: Figure 4a - Source from: http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=67355 Figure 4d - © Fergus Murray Source from: http://www.fergusmurraysculpture.com/new-zealand/southern-alps-and-glaciers-9-pages/ ii-the-geomorphology-of-the-fox-glacier-region/ Source from: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Fox_Glacier_NZ_2.jpg Figure 7b - © Lloyd Homer, GNS Science Ltd.) Figure 7c - Source from: http://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/50000/50555/ NewZealand_amo_2011119.jpg Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any such rectifications in future editions. Images used within this paper may be from www.clipart.com. BLANK PAGE