28 Use your knowledge and understanding from across your course of study, along with the information in Figure 7, to answer this question. 7 Study Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d in the Resource Booklet. Evaluate the importance of tectonic and marine processes in creating distinctive coastal landscapes in New Zealand. 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(Total for Question 7 = 16 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION C = 62 MARKS TOTAL FOR PAPER = 90 MARKS 31 BLANK PAGE 32 BLANK PAGE Paper Reference Pearson Edexcel Level 3 GCE Do not return this Resource Booklet with the question paper. Tuesday 15 May 2018 – Afternoon Resource Booklet 8GE0/01 Geography Advanced Subsidiary Paper 1: Dynamic Landscapes P52282A ©2018 Pearson Education Ltd. 1/1/1/1/1/1/1/1 *P52282A* Turn over 2 P52282A SECTION A The following resource relates to Question 1. Total economic damage (US$ Billion) Year 1996 1998 0 50 100 150 200 250 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Figure 1 Total reported economic damage caused by tectonic hazards between 1996 and 2016 3 Turn over P52282A SECTION B The following resources relate to Questions 2-4. Year 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 0 5 10 15 millions of km2 Past Predicted Figure 2 Past and predicted changes in the global permafrost area 4 P52282A 0 50% 0% 50% 50% 0% 50% 1 2 Distance across the footpath (m) % vegetation cover in managed area % vegetation cover in unmanaged area 3 4 5 Figure 3 Kite diagrams showing footpath erosion in two areas near Easedale Tarn, Lake District 5 Turn over P52282A The following resources relate to Question 4. • The Southern Alps run south-west to north-east along New Zealand’s South Island; a landscape created by tectonic, weather and glacial processes. • The mountains are formed along the Alpine Fault, a largely conservative plate boundary with the plates moving at least 30mm/year. The plates also move towards each other, with uplift of about 7mm/year, and occasionally, much larger uplift. • The prevailing north-westerly winds (Roaring Forties) deliver extreme weather to the Southern Alps, including very high precipitation (snow/rain) of up to 10,000mm/year. • There are over 3,000 glaciers in the Southern Alps, most of which move rapidly down the very steep slopes to the ocean. Figure 4a Information about the Southern Alps, New Zealand Flow trajectory Meltwater pool on glacier Meltwater tunnel Zone of ablation Equilibrium line Zone of accumulation Snow Meltwater stream Figure 4b A simplified cross-section from Mt. Tasman to the coast 6 P52282A Roaring Forties Pacific Ocean N 100km 2a. Fox Glacier 2b. Fox Valley Australian Plate Pacific Plate 1. Mt. Tasman Key Prevailing winds Alpine Fault Plate movement direction Figure 4c Satellite image of the Southern Alps in winter