4   Question 1 continued These journeys are made up of two parts. The first part of the total journey is the journey travelling from the commuter’s home to their local station, where they take the train to London King's Cross or London Waterloo. This part of the journey may include waiting for this train to arrive. The second part of the total journey is the journey by train to London King's Cross or London Waterloo. All passengers in Figure 1 took the 7:15 train from Stevenage to London King's Cross. All passengers in Figure 2 took the 7:45 train from Wimbledon to London Waterloo. All the data is from the same day. Lyra looks at the information in Figure 1 and Figure 2 and concludes that the train journey time from Wimbledon to London Waterloo is shorter than that from Stevenage to London King's Cross. (b) State an assumption that Lyra has made in order for this conclusion to be valid. (1) _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ (c) Identify two sources of variability for these commuters from Wimbledon to London Waterloo? (2) _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ (Total for Question 1 is 9 marks) Turn over 5   2 Alana is researching show dogs. Show dogs have a desired range of heights. The maximum and minimum desired male and female heights, in inches, for a random sample of breeds of show dog are shown in Figure 3. Alana plots the minimum desired male heights and minimum desired female heights in Figure 4. Male Female Minimum desired height Maximum desired height Minimum desired height Maximum desired height Breed Affenpinscher 9 11.5 9 11.5 Afghan Hound 26 28 24 26 Akita 26 28 24 26 American Eskimo Dog 9 19 9 19 Australian Shepherd 20 23 18 21 Bearded Collie 21 22 20 21 Beauceron 25.5 27.5 24 26.5 Belgian Malinois 24 26 22 24 Bernese Mountain Dog 25 27.5 23 26 Black Russian Terrier 27 30 24 26.5 Cattle Dog 18 20 17 19 Chesapeake Bay Retriever 21 24 23 26 Chinese Shar‑Pei 18 20 18 20 Doberman Pinscher 26 28 24 26 Flat‑Coated Retriever 23 24.5 22 23.5 Foxhound 22 25 21 24 Greater Swiss Mountain Dog 25.5 28.5 23.5 27 Irish Red and White Setter 24.5 26 22.5 24 Irish Wolfhound 32 No max 30 No max Italian Greyhound 13 15 13 15 Keeshound 17 19 16 18 Neapolitan Mastiff 26 31 24 29 Pointer 25 28 23 26 Shetland Sheepdog 13 16 13 16 Staffordshire Terrier 18 19 17 18 Water Spaniel 15 18 15 18 Welsh Springer Spaniel 18 19 17 18 Wirehaired Pointing Griffon 22 24 20 22 [Source: American Kennel Club Breed Statistics] Figure 3