11983.05R 14 The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution curve below shows the distribution of molecular energies in a mixture of the gases sulfur dioxide and oxygen at 25 °C. energy Ea number of molecules The x-axis can either be labelled as energy or speed. The distribution curve starts at the point 0,0 and at the end approaches the x-axis but does not touch it. The symbol Ea is the activation energy. (a) Draw, on the axes above, the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution curve for a mixture of sulfur dioxide and oxygen, at a lower temperature. [2] (b) Explain why the x-axis can either be labelled as energy or speed. [1] 11983.05R [Turn over (c) Explain what it means if the distribution curve starts at the point 0,0. [1] (d) Explain what it would mean if the Maxwell–Boltzmann curve touched the x-axis at a final energy value. [1] (e) Activation energy varies from reaction to reaction. (i) Explain the term activation energy. [2] (ii) Comment on the reaction speed between silver ions and chloride ions in aqueous solution and how it relates to activation energy. [2] (iii) State the effect of a catalyst on the activation energy of a reaction. [1] 11983.05R (f) The reaction between sulfur dioxide and oxygen is part of the process to manufacture sulfuric acid. (i) What is the name of this industrial process? [1] (ii) Describe and explain the conditions used in this process for the reaction between sulfur dioxide and oxygen referring to temperature, pressure and catalyst. temperature [2] pressure [2] catalyst [1] 11983.05R BLANK PAGE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE THIS IS THE END OF THE QUESTION PAPER Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright holders may have been unsuccessful and CCEA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgement in future if notified. 240427 DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE Data Leaflet Including the Periodic Table of the Elements For the use of candidates taking Advanced Subsidiary and Advanced Level Examinations Copies must be free from notes or additions of any kind. No other type of data booklet or information sheet is authorised for use in the examinations gce a/as examinations chemistry New Specification © CCEA 2017 For first teaching from September 2016 For first award of AS Level in Summer 2017 For first award of A Level in Summer 2018 Subject Code: 1110 General Information 1 tonne = 106 g 1 metre = 109nm One mole of any gas at 293K and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (105Pa) occupies a volume of 24 dm3 Avogadro Constant = 6.02 × 1023 mol–1 Planck Constant = 6.63 × 10–34 Js Specific Heat Capacity of water = 4.2 J g–1K–1 Speed of Light = 3 × 108 ms–1 Characteristic absorptions in IR spectroscopy Wavenumber/cm–1 Bond Compound 550–850 C–X (X = Cl, Br, I) Haloalkanes s p u o r g ly kla ,s e n a kl A C – C 0 0 1 1 – 0 5 7 s dic a cily x o b r a c ,sr e ts e ,slo h o cl A O – C 0 0 3 1 – 0 0 0 1 1450–1650 C ̿ s e n e r A C 1600–1700 C ̿ s e n e kl A C 1650–1800 C ̿ ,s e d y h e dla ,sr e ts e ,s dic a cily x o b r a C O s e dir olh c ly c a ,s e di m a ,s e n o t e k 2200–2300 C s elirti N N s dic a cily x o b r a C H – O 0 0 2 3 – 0 0 5 2 s e d y h e dl A H – C 0 5 8 2 – 0 5 7 2 s e n e r a ,s e n e kla ,s p u o r g ly kla ,s e n a kl A H – C 0 0 0 3 – 0 5 8 2 slo h o cl A H – O 0 0 6 3 – 0 0 2 3 s e di m a ,s e ni m A H – N 0 0 5 3 – 0 0 3 3 Proton Chemical Shifts in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (relative to TMS) Structure 0.5–2.0 –CH s e n a kla d e t a r u t a S 0.5–5.5 –OH slo h o cl A 1.0–3.0 –NH s e ni m A 2.0–3.0 –CO–CH Ketones C – N – H Amines C6H5–CH c on ring) 2.0–4.0 X–CH X = Cl or Br (3.0–4.0) ) 0.3 – 0.2 (I = X 4.5–6.0 –C ̿ CH Alkenes 5.5–8.5 RCONH Amides 6.0–8.0 –C6H5 Arenes (on ring) 9.0–10.0 –CHO Aldehydes 10.0–12.0 –COOH Carboxylic acids on and temperature dependent and may be outside the ranges indicated above. 227 89 139 57 256 101 223 87 226 88 261 104 262 105 266 106 264 107 277 108 268 109 271 110 272 111 140 58 141 59 144 60 145 61 150 62 152 63 157 64 159 65 162 66 165 67 167 68 169 69 173 70 175 71 232 90 231 91 238 92 237 93 242 94 243 95 247 96 245 97 251 98 254 99 253 100 254 102 257 103 133 55 137 56 178 72 181 73 184 74 186 75 190 76 192 77 195 78 197 79 201 80 89 39 91 40 103 45 85 37 88 38 93 41 96 42 98 43 101 44 106 46 108 47 112 48 131 54 222 86 210 85 210 84 209 83 207 82 204 81 84 36 79 34 73 32 40 20 39 19 45 21 48 22 51 23 52 24 55 25 56 26 59 27 59 28 64 29 65 30 11 5 12 6 14 7 16 8 19 9 20 10 4 2 40 18 35.5 17 32 16 31 15 28 14 27 13 70 31 75 33 80 35 115 49 119 50 122 51 128 52 127 53 23 11 24 12 7 3 9 4 THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS Group * † 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 II I III IV VI VII 0 V 285 112 Copernicium * 58 – 71 Lanthanum series † 90 – 103 Actinium series a = relative atomic mass x = atomic symbol b = atomic number a bx (approx)