4   2 This question is about alcohols. (a) Ethanol is a fuel and can be made by either the fermentation of carbohydrates or the hydration of ethene. How is the ethanol formed by the fermentation of carbohydrates classified? (1) A a biofuel and non‑renewable B a biofuel and renewable C a fossil fuel and non‑renewable D a fossil fuel and renewable (b) Write the equation for the complete combustion of methanol. State symbols are not required. (1) (c) Identify, by name or formula, the reagent(s) needed to convert propan‑1‑ol into 1‑iodopropane. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (d) A sample of pure propan‑2‑ol is analysed using infrared and 13C NMR spectroscopy. (i) Which of these sets of wavenumber ranges, in cm–1, will be seen in the infrared spectrum of propan‑2‑ol? (1) A 1485 – 1365, 2962 – 2853 and 3300 – 2500 B 1485 – 1365, 2962 – 2853 and 3750 – 3200 C 1669 – 1645, 2962 – 2853 and 3750 – 3200 D 1740 – 1720, 3300 – 2500 and 3750 – 3200 (ii) State the number of peaks in the 13C NMR spectrum of propan‑2‑ol. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Turn over 5   (e) The equation for the oxidation of ethanol by acidified dichromate(VI) ions is shown. 3CH3CH2OH + 2Cr2O7 2– + 16H+ → 3CH3COOH + 4Cr3+ + 11H2O Deduce the half‑equation for the oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid. State symbols are not required. (1) (Total for Question 2 = 6 marks)