Turn over 17 7 Plants require mineral ions from the soil for healthy growth. (a) (i) Describe how mineral (inorganic) ions are taken up by active transport. (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (ii) Describe the function of a named mineral ion that is vital for the growth of plants. (2) Mineral ions .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Function .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 18 (b) The photograph shows Galium verum (Lady’s bedstraw), a plant that grows in meadows, hedges, road verges and sand dunes. (Source: © Alfio Scisetti/Alamy Stock Photo) This plant grows to between 15 cm and 60 cm in height. A student investigated whether Galium verum growing in meadows was taller than Galium verum growing on sand dunes. (i) Give a suitable null hypothesis for this investigation. (1) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Turn over 19 (ii) Devise a method that can be used to collect valid results to test this null hypothesis. (5) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (iii) Explain which statistical test would be most suitable to test this null hypothesis. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (Total for Question 7 = 13 marks)