Turn over 5 3 Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease. Scientists are constantly looking for new ways of controlling this disease. (a) Which row of the table shows the name of the pathogen that causes malaria, and its classification group? (1) A B C D Name of pathogen Classification group Plasmodium genus Plasmodium species Puccinia genus Puccinia species (b) One group of scientists has genetically modified a fungus to produce a spider toxin that kills mosquitoes. Describe how a fungus could be genetically modified to produce spider toxin. (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 (c) Another group of scientists has discovered a type of fungus that completely protects mosquitoes from infection by the pathogen that causes malaria. This fungus does not kill the mosquitoes. Explain why this approach is less controversial than the approach used by the scientists who are developing the genetically‑modified fungus. (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (Total for Question 3 = 7 marks)