16 7 The stems of plants contain tissues involved in transport and in support. (a) The photograph shows a longitudinal section through one plant stem. E H G F Cell image library - image ID 38928 (i) Which labelled structure in the photograph contains lignin? (1) A E B F C G D H (ii) The diagram shows a transverse section through a plant stem. J Which of the labelled structures in the photograph is located in the area labelled J in the diagram? (1) A E B F C G D H Turn over 17 (b) The photograph shows a cross section of part of the stem of a plant. Fibres can be extracted from stems similar to this one and used instead of fibres produced from oil‑based plastics. X L N M John Bebbington FRPS Science and Plants for schools – https://www.saps.org.uk (i) The part of the stem labelled L contains (1) A phloem that transports organic solutes B sclerenchyma fibres that provide support C sieve tubes that transport water D xylem vessels that transport water and mineral ions (ii) The part of the stem labelled M contains (1) A phloem that transports organic solutes B sclerenchyma fibres that transport water C sieve tubes that synthesise organic solutes D xylem vessels that transport water and mineral ions 18 (iii) The structure labelled N is a (1) A part of the phloem that transports water B sclerenchyma fibre that provides support C sieve tube that transports organic solutes D xylem vessel that transports water and mineral ions (iv) The line labelled X on the photograph represents the width of the vascular bundle. The actual width of the vascular bundle is 320 µm. Calculate the magnification of the image. (3) Answer .............................................................. Turn over 19 (c) Fibres can be extracted from the stems of nettle plants and used to make clothing. Explain why the production of fibres from nettles is more sustainable than fibres produced from crude oil. 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(Total for Question 7 = 11 marks)