13 Turn over 6 Wasps are insects that live in groups. One species of wasp (Vespula germanica) has been shown to knock its body repeatedly against a hard surface. This signals the presence and quality of food to other wasps. When threatened by another animal, it may use its stinger to inject a venom to protect itself. bugguide.net (a) Complete the table by giving the name of the type of adaptation. (2) Description of adaptation Type of adaptation shown by the wasp knocking its body to signal food the stinger 14 (b) The stinger injects a venom that contains the enzyme phospholipase. This enzyme hydrolyses phospholipids, releasing fatty acids. Describe how the structure of phospholipase allows it to hydrolyse phospholipids. 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(c) Phospholipase in the venom of wasps can cause allergic reactions. Phospholipase can affect the Golgi apparatus in cells. Phospholipase inhibitors are being investigated as possible drugs to treat the allergic reactions. (i) Give two functions of the Golgi apparatus. (2) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15 Turn over (ii) A three-phase protocol will be used when developing the phospholipase inhibitor as a new drug. Explain the purpose of each phase of this protocol for a phospholipase inhibitor. 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(Total for Question 6 = 11 marks)