8 4 A number of seed banks have been set up around the world. (a) When a seed bank receives new seeds, it processes them in several ways. The processes can include the following stages: • washing the seeds with disinfectant • allowing the seeds to dry. Explain the advantages of these two stages. (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... (b) The food store of many seeds is an organ called a cotyledon. An organ can be defined as (1) A a group of cells of one type that has a function B a group of several different cell types, each type working together C a group of tissues that are located together that have unrelated functions D part of a system and therefore does not have a function of its own 9 Turn over (c) The processed seeds are stored at minus 20 °C. At intervals, samples of seeds are removed from storage and tested for viability. If at least 75% of the seeds in the sample germinate, the remaining seeds are described as viable. The diagram shows a container with many seeds in it. Sunflower Seeds mass of 1000 seeds = 50 g A sample of 3 g of seeds was removed from this container. These seeds were given optimum conditions for germination. However, only 48 seeds germinated. Determine whether the remaining seeds in the container are viable or not. (3) .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 (d) Glycolysis occurs during germination. One of the products is adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Which of the following is another product of glycolysis? (1) A carbon dioxide B glucose C oxygen D pyruvate (Total for Question 4 = 8 marks)