17 Turn over 7 There are two main types of woodland in the UK. One consists of broadleaved deciduous trees, the other contains coniferous trees that have needle‑like leaves. (a) The table shows some of the species of plant growing underneath the trees in a deciduous woodland. Species Number of individuals of each species (n) n(n – 1) Woodrush 2 Holly 8 Bramble 1 Yorkshire fog 9 Sedge 3 (i) Complete the table to show n(n – 1) for each species of plant. (1) (ii) Calculate the diversity index (D) using the data in the table. D = Σ − − N(N 1) n(n 1) (2) Answer .............................................................. 18 (b) Another measure of diversity is species richness. (i) Species richness is the number of (1) A different alleles in one species B different species in one area C individuals of one species in one area D individuals of one species in different habitats (ii) Devise an investigation to compare species richness of the plants growing under the trees in a deciduous woodland with that of a coniferous woodland. 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.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Turn over (c) In a study of two woodlands, 11 species of plant were found in a deciduous woodland and 4 different species in a coniferous woodland. The table shows the other data recorded in this study. Factor Deciduous woodland Coniferous woodland Mean light intensity 10 cm above soil level / lux 1075 543 Mean pH of soil 7 5 Mean air temperature 10 cm above soil level / °C 18 18 Mean soil moisture content (%) 45 47 Assess the reasons for the differences in the number of species between these two types of woodland. 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(Total for Question 7 = 13 marks)